Question

describe the various stage of seed germination

Answer 1

After the seed has made it to a new location and is covered with dirt, it can begin germination.Germinationis the process of seeds developing into new plants. First, environmental conditions must trigger the seed to grow. Usually, this is determined by how deep the seedis planted, water availability, and temperature. When water is plentiful, theseed fills with water in a process calledimbibition. The water activates special proteins, calledenzymes, that begin the process of seed growth. First the seed grows arootto access water underground. Next, theshoots, or growth above ground, begin to appear. The seed sends a shoot towards the surface, where it will growleavesto harvest energy from the sun. The leaves continue to grow towards the light source in a process calledphotomorphogenesis.

Answer 2

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• Seed germination may be defined as the fundamental process by which different plant species grow from a single seed into a plant. This process influences both crop yield and quality.
• A common example of seed germination is the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm.

The Process of Seed Germination

The complete process of seed germination is carried out in the following steps:

• During the beginning stage of the germination, the seeds take up water rapidly and this results in swelling and softening of the seed coat at an optimum temperature. This stage is referred to as an Imbibition. It starts the growth process by activation of enzymes. The seed activates its internal physiology and starts to respire and produce proteins and metabolizes the stored food. This is a lag phase of the seed germination.

• By rupturing of the seed coat, radicle emerges to form a primary root. The seed starts absorbing underground water. After the emerging of the radicle and the plumule, shoot starts growing upwards.

• In the final stage of seed germination, the cell of the seeds become metabolically active, elongate and divide to give rise to the seedling.