Description of migrant workers from the village and their experience during lockdown
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Answer:
India is home to about 120 million smallholder farmers who contribute over 40% of the country’s grain production, and over half of its fruits, vegetables, oilseeds and other crops. Much of the global share of food staples such as rice and wheat come from India, and almost half of the population in India depends on agriculture for their livelihood.
Every year, Indian farmers face risks such as low rainfall, price volatility and rising debts. But risks from the COVID-19 pandemic are putting new challenges in front of a sector that is already under threat.
The nationwide lockdown came at an unfortunate time for farmers, as it was the harvest season for the rabi (winter) crop. The lockdown created both a shortage of labor and equipment - migrant laborers in India usually move to rural areas during harvest, and smallholder farmers often rent harvesting equipment as this is cheaper than purchasing it.
Consequently, farmers have not been able to harvest their bumper crops of cereal and oilseed harvest this season. In some places the crops have been abandoned, while in others the harvest is coming more than a month late, in hand with limited and more expense labor.
In addition, it was estimated that although India’s food bank had more than three times the minimum operational buffer in stock, supply and access is a critical issue. Long supply chains have been severely affected, especially at the beginning of the lockdown when transport was restricted. Drivers abandoned trucks full of produce in the middle of interstate highways. Markets eventually started running short of supplies, owing to food rotting in transit or never making it to point of sale
Explanation:
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The total number of internal migrants in India, as per the 2011 census, is 45.36 crore or 37% of the country’s population. This includes inter-state migrants as well as migrants within each state, while the recent exodus is largely due to the movement of inter-state migrants. If you add street vendors, another vulnerable community which is not captured by the worker data, that would mean that there are 12 to 18 million people who are residing in states other than that of their origin and have been placed at a risk of losing their income. A study by the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) and Azim Premji University in 2019 estimates that 29% of the population in India’s big cities is of daily wagers. This is the number of people which would be logically wanting to move back to their states.