Question

design the concept map to show urine formation in human beings​

Answer 1

Answer:

it is shown in ncert book of page number 110 and 111

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Urine Formation takes in place in 3 steps:

$\boxed{ \red{ \sf{1) \: Ultra-Filtration}}}$

Ultra-filtration refers to filtration of the blood at the glomerular capillaries inside the Bowman's capsule.

• Blood comes in via the Afferent arterioles and leave via the efferent arterioles.

• The bowman's capsule consists of of two layers of filtration consisting of filtration slits which allow only smaller particles to pass into the nephron.

• Larger molecules like proteins are not allowed inside the nephron.

$\boxed{ \red{ \sf{2) \:Tubular \: \: Reabsorption }}}$

This step involves reabsorption of almost 90% of the filtrate present inside the nephron at different sites like Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Loop of Henle and Distal Convoluted Tubule.

• Majority of molecules like carbohydrates organic substances ions and water are absorbed from the Proximal Convoluted Tubule.

• Under the action of ADH hormone, water is absorbed from the Distal Convoluted Tubule.

• Absorption is facilitated due to presence of simple cuboidal epithelium on the inner surface of the nephron.

$\boxed{ \red{ \sf{3) \:Tubular \: \: Secretion }}}$

This step involves secretion of certain undesirable substances into the filtrate, for example :

• Urea
• Para-amino Hippuric Acid
• Xanthines
• H+ ions , etc.

Route of Filtrate:

$proximal \: convoluted \: tubule \\ \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \downarrow \\ \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: loop \: of \: henle \\ \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \downarrow \\ \: \: \: distal \: convoluted \: tubule \\ \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \downarrow \\ \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: collecting \: ducts$

This is how urine is formed.