Question

Design your own newspaper with important news or events based on India national movement

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

From 1858 until independence in 1947 the British Government ruled India with two administrative systems, the British Provinces, comprising around 60% of the country and totally under British control, and the Indian (“princely”) states which recognised British rule in return for local autonomy, comprising around 40% of the country.

The material in Part 4 of this microfilm project covers reports for the United Provinces, 1897-1937.  In 1833 the Bengal Presidency had been divided into two parts. The north-western part became the Presidency of Agra, which in 1836 was re-named the North-Western Provinces and placed under a Lieutenant-Governor. The kingdom of Oudh was annexed in 1856 and placed under a Chief Commissioner. In 1877 the North-Western Provinces and Oudh were joined together under a single administration. Their name was changed to the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh in 1902 and shortened to the United Provinces in 1912 with the city of Lucknow at their centre. In 1947 the United Provinces became a province of the new independent India and its name was changed to Uttar Pradesh. It should be noted that the reports for the period up until 1902 are described as being from the Native Newspapers published in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh.

Lord Ripon’s repeal of Lytton’s Vernacular Press Act in 1881 coincided with the abolition of the Press Commissionership. The relaxation in the attempted exercise of political control by the British over the press in India opened the way for vigorous debate on the future of India. The writings of the Indian intelligentsia found their way into an increasing number of new newspapers, Anglo-Indian and Vernacular. The increasingly active independence movement later formed into two separate camps in 1907. There was the Garam Dal (the extremists or “hot faction”) of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who founded the Marathi daily Kesari (The Lion), and the Naram Dal of Gopal Krishna Gokhale (the moderates or “soft faction”). The development of the independence movement can be followed in the newspapers of the early part of the twentieth century.

The Indian National Congress, also known as the Congress Party, formed in 1885, was comprised chiefly of members of the western-educated professional elite. Public opinion had started to turn against the British government of India and it sought to represent the views of the populace from both urban and rural areas. There was an undercurrent of feeling that British rule was unfair and this is reflected in the newspaper reports contained in this collection. Agitation and disturbances in the streets were common and the media played a huge role in re-enforcing feelings of real and imagined grievances. After the First World War the Congress Party was taken over by socialists like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose who had more extreme views. Later it became associated with Mahatma Gandhi, who, although never a member of the Party, became its spiritual leader. Under Gandhi’s influence the Party became the true representative of the people by working against caste differences, untouchability, poverty and religious and ethnic boundaries. In the 1930’s there was a series of conferences in London where the making of a new constitution in India was discussed, finally taking the form of the 1935 Government of India Act. All these subjects are discussed in the reports.

Answer 2

Explanation:

• In order to eliminate British control in India, a number of significant historical occurrences made up the Indian independence movement. From 1857 to 1947, it existed.
• Bengal gave rise to the first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence.
• India's gradual transition to independence was sparked by the British government's rigidity and, frequently, its brutal retaliation to nonviolent protests.
• Many consider the Indian Revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny by the British, to be the start of the Indian independence war.
• The Muslim League was founded in 1906, and the Swadeshi Movement began in 1905, both of which were influenced by this movement.
• From 1885 until 1947, each of these movements led the Indian liberation struggle.
• This covers all the significant historical occurrences that served as the catalyst for India's independence.

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