Development of the pinhole camera
Answers
Answer:
A pinhole camera is a simple optical device that forms an image without using a lens or a mirror.
Construction of a Pinhole Camera
Take two cylindrical pipes, so that one can slide into another with no gap in between them. Cut open one side of each pipe. On the opposite face of the larger pipe, make a small hole in the middle. In the smaller pipe , cut them from the middle a square with a side of about 5 to 6 cm. Cover this open cylindrical pipe with a tracing paper. Slide the smaller pipe inside the larger pipe with a hole in such a way that the side with the tracing paper is inside.
Graphical representation of a simple pinhole camera (picture 1).
Working principle of a Pinhole Camera (Picture 2)
The size and contrast of the formed image can be changed by sliding the smaller cylinder. In addition, the image also depends on the size of the pinhole; the smaller the pinhole, the sharper will be the image and vice-versa.
Try looking at your own hand through a pinhole camera. You will observe an upside down image of your hand.
A pinhole camera creates a real image of an object, because the image can be captured on a screen. The image formed by a pinhole camera is inverted and smaller than the object.(Picture 3).
Invention
Sir David Brewster, a Scottish scientist, was one of the first to make pinhole photographs, in the 1850s. He was also one of the first to use the word “pinhole” in this context, or “pin-hole” with a hyphen, which he used in his book The Stereoscope, published in 1856. However, in 2009 Sam Morton, an 18 year old Scottish student, discovered that the word “pin-hole” was used in a similar optical context as early as in 1764 by James Ferguson in his Lectures on select subjects in mechanics, hydrostatics, pneumatics, and optics. Joseph Petzval used the term “natural camera” in 1859, whereas Dehors and Deslandres, in the late 1880s, proposed the term “stenopaic camera” (“sténopé-photographe”).
