difernce between transcription and translocation ??
Answers
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.
Transcription:
1. It is formation of RNA from DNA.
2. The template is antisense strand of DNA.
3. It occurs inside the nucleus in eukaryotes and cytoplasm in prokaryotes.
4. The raw materials are four types of ribo-nucleoside triphosphates — ATP, GTP. CTP and UTP.
5. It forms three types of RNAs — rRNA, tRNA and mRNA.
6. Transcription requires RNA polymerases and some transcription factors.
7. Polymerase moves over the template.
8. An adapter molecule is not required,
9. Product often requires splicing.
10. The product undergos processing that involves cutting, modification of nitrogen bases, folding and attaching of specific groups at the ends.
Translation:
1. It is synthesis of polypeptide over ribosome.
2. The template is mRNA.
3. It occurs in cytoplasm.
4. The raw materials are 20 types of amino acids.
5. All the three types of RNAs take part in translation.
6. Translation requires initiation, elongation and translocase factors.
7. Ribosome moves over mRNA.
8. Adapter (= adaptor) molecules bring amino acids over the template.
9. Splicing is absent.
10. Processing involves occasional modification of amino acids, combining with other substances (e.g., glycosylation) and packing.
just Go through it in a simple way
TRANSCRIPTION
1.Transcription is performed by RNA polymerase and other associated proteins termed as transcription factors. It can be inducible as seen in the spatio-temporal regulation of developmental genes or consitutive as seen in case of house keeping genes like Gapdh.
2.Transcription initiates with RNA polymerase binding to the promoter region in the DNA. The transcription factors and RNA polymerase binding to the promoter forms a transcription initiation complex. The promoter consists of a core region like the TATA box where the complex binds. It is in this stage that RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA.
3.Transcription termination in prokaryotes can either be Rho-independent, where a GC rich hairpin loop is formed or Rho-dependent, where a protein factor Rho destabilizes the DNA-RNA interaction. In eukaryotes when a termination sequence is encountered the RNA nascent transcript is released and it is poly-adenylated.
4.The end product of transcription is an RNA transcript which can form any of the following types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and non-coding RNA (like microRNA). Usually in prokaryotes the mRNA formed is polycistronic and in eukaryotes it is monocistronic.
TRANSLATION
1.Translation is performed by a multisubunit structure called ribosome which consists of rRNA and proteins.
2.Translation initiates with the formation of initiation complex. The ribosome subunit, three initiation factors (IF1, IF2 and IF3) and methionine carrying t-RNA bind the mRNA near the AUG start codon.
3 .During translation the incoming aminoacyl t-RNA binds to the codon (sequences of 3 nucleotides) at A-site and a peptide bond is formed between the new amino acid and the growing chain. The peptide then moves one codon position to get ready for the next amino acid. The process hence proceeds in a 5’ to 3’ direction.
4.The end product of translation is a polypeptide chain which folds and undergoes post translational modifications to form a functional protein.
Hope it helps u