difference between
1.disaster and hazard
2.natural disasters and man made disasters
and give 3,3 point
Answers
Answer:
Thus the goal of disaster management is to encourage sustainable hazard mitigation, and all steps in the disaster management process must support this end. In disaster management, a hazard refers to the potential for a disaster.Floods, storms, earthquakes, droughts, forest fires and volcanic eruptions are among the most devastating types of natural catastrophe. But some disasters are man-made. These include explosions, major fires, aviation, shipping and railway accidents, and the release of toxic substances into the environment.
Answer:
Natural Hazards and Natural Disasters
A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event will have a negative effect on humans. This negative effect is what we call a natural disaster. In other words when the hazardous threat actually happens and harms humans, we call the event a natural disaster.
Natural Hazards (and the resulting disasters) are the result of naturally occurring processes that have operated throughout Earth's history.
Most hazardous process are also Geologic Processes.
Geologic processes effect every human on the Earth all of the time, but are most noticeable when they cause loss of life or property. If the process that poses the hazard occurs and destroys human life or property, then a natural disaster has occurred. Among the natural hazards and possible disasters to be considered are:
Earthquakes
Volcanic Eruptions
Tsunami
Landslides
Subsidence
Floods
Droughts
Hurricanes
Tornadoes
Asteroid Impacts
All of these processes have been operating throughout Earth history, but the processes have become hazardous only because they negatively affect us as human beings. Important Point - There would be no natural disasters if it were not for humans. Without humans these are only natural events.
Risk is characteristic of the relationship between humans and geologic processes. We all take risks everyday. The risk from natural hazards, while it cannot be eliminated, can, in some cases be understood in a such a way that we can minimize the hazard to humans, and thus minimize the risk. To do this, we need to understand something about the processes that operate, and understand the energy required for the process. Then, we can develop an action to take to minimize the risk. Such minimization of risk is called hazard mitigation.
Although humans can sometimes influence natural disasters (for example when poor levee design results in a flood), other disasters that are directly generated by humans, such as oil and toxic material spills, pollution, massive automobile or train wrecks, airplane crashes, and human induced explosions, are considered technological disasters, and will not be considered in this course, except when they occur as a secondary result of a natural disaster.
Some of the questions we hope to answer for each possible natural disaster are:
Where is each type of hazard likely to be present and why?
What scientific principles govern the processes responsible for the disasters?
How often do these hazards develop into disasters?
How can each type of disaster be predicted and/or mitigated?
As discussed before, natural disasters are produced by processes that have been operating since the Earth formed. Such processes are beneficial to us as humans because they are responsible for things that make the Earth a habitable planet for life. For example:
Throughout Earth history, volcanism has been responsible for producing much of the water present on the Earth's surface, and for producing the atmosphere.
Earthquakes are one of the processes responsible for the formation of mountain ranges which which direct water to flow downhill to form rivers and lakes.
Erosional processes, including flooding, landslides, and windstorms replenishes soil and helps sustain life.
Such processes are only considered hazardous when they adversely affect humans and their activities.
Classification of Natural Hazards and Disasters
Natural Hazards and the natural disasters that result can be divided into several different categories:
Geologic Hazards - These are the main subject of this course and include:
Earthquakes
Volcanic Eruptions
Tsunami
Landslides
Floods
Subsidence
Impacts with space objects
Atmospheric Hazards - These are also natural hazards but processes operating in the atmosphere are mainly responsible. They will also be considered in this course, and include:
Tropical Cyclones
Tornadoes
Droughts
Severe Thunderstorms
Lightening
Other Natural Hazards - These are hazards that may occur naturally, but don't fall in to either of the categories above. They will not be considered to any great extent in this course, but include:
Insect infestations
Disease epidemics
Wildfires