Difference between acid base and salt with comparison chart
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Acids and Bases are one of the most important parts of chemistry, but also play their significant role in another field of science. There are many definitions which differentiate the substances as acid and base, but the most accepted are the Arrhenius theory, Bronsted-Lowry theory and the Lewis theory of acid/base. Together acids and bases react to form salts.
Acids and Bases are everywhere, right from the soaps used during the shower to the citric acid or vinegar present in the kitchen. Though it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between them and so to check them, certain theories were provided which are discussed below along with brief description.
Content: Acid Vs Base
Comparison Chart
Definition
Key Differences
Conclusion
Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR COMPARISON ACIDS BASES
Arrhenius Concept Acid is the substance when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of H+ ions. The base is the substance when dissolved in water, increase the concentration of OH- ions.
Bronsted-Lowry Concept Acids are the proton donor. Bases are the proton acceptor.
Lewis Concept Such species that accepts the pair of electrons (an electrophile) and will have vacant orbitals are known as Lewis acid. Such species that donates the pair of the electron (a nucleophile) and will have a lone pair of electrons are known as Lewis base.
Chemical formula Such compound whose chemical formula begins with H, for example HCl (Hydrochloric acid), H3BO3 (Boric acid), CH2O3 (Carbonic
acid). Although CH3COOH (Acetic acid) is an exception. Such compounds whose chemical formula ends with OH, for example KOH (Potassium hydroxide), NaOH (Sodium hydroxide).
pH scale (concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution) Less than 7. Greater than 7.
Physical Characteristics Sour in taste. Bitter in taste.
Gives burning sensation. Odorless (except ammonia).
Acids are usually sticky. Bases are slippery.
Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas. Reacts with fats and oils.
Phenolphthalein Indicator It remains colorless. It gives pink color.
Litmus test Turns blue litmus paper to red. Turns red litmus paper to blue.
Strength Depends on the concentration of hydronium ions. Depends on the concentration of hydroxide ions.
Dissociation when mixed with water Acids dissociate to give free hydrogen ions (H+) after mixing in water. Bases dissociate to give free hydroxide ions (OH-) after mixing in water.
Examples Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3), Carbonic acid (H2CO3). Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Uses Used as preservatives, fertilizers, as preservatives, used as carbonated drinks, processing leather, household cleaning, making sodas, flavor to food, etc. Used in gastric medicine (antacid), soaps, detergents, cleanser, antiperspirant armpit deodorant, non-hazardous alkali to neutralise acidic wastewater, neutralise soil acidity.
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