Difference between ciminal psychology and criminology
Answers
Difference between ciminal psychology and criminology
Ans: Although both criminologists and criminal psychologists study criminals, their focus is very different. Criminology is the study of the causes of crime and ways to prevent and control it; while criminal psychology focuses on studying the thoughts, feelings and behaviors of criminals.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Criminology is the study of crime, its causes, and its consequences, and there are numerous criminological theories (Dan Robb's answer to Why do criminals commit crimes?). Anyone who studies crime can call themselves a criminologist, which means that it is not really a profession. Study can include:
· Frequency of crimes
· Location of crimes
· Causes of crimes
· Types of crimes
· Social and individual consequences of crimes
· Social reactions to crime
· Individual reactions to crime
· Governmental reactions to crime (Roufa, T. (2015). Criminology: What is It? Learn About the Study of Crime, Its Causes and Its Consequences. Retrieved from: What Exactly Is Criminology?)
Sociology is the primary science, Criminology is a sub-group, and Criminal Justice (CJ) is a sub-group of Criminology. CJ is the study of police, corrections, and legal functions (but not the study of law, per se, which would be studied within a Juris Doctorate degree program), and each of those three are specializations within CJ study. Criminology and CJ can encompass the same types of studies and can incorporate psychological theory as well as biological/genetic theories of behavior.
Primarily, an academically credentialed Criminologist can teach at the college-level, and possibly consult (but you would probably need some specialization, like corrections, violence in the work place, criminal profiling, etc.). Review of the website of the American Society of Criminology (The American Society of Criminology) will indicate that there are many specialization fields within Criminology, the divisions of the society are:
• Division on Corrections & Sentencing
• Division on Critical Criminology
• Division of Experimental Criminology
• Division of International Criminology
• Division on People of Color & Crime
• Division on Women & Crime
On the ASC website is a lengthy list of areas of expertise claimed by members (Areas of Expertise).
There are criminologists who conduct criminal profiling, and there is also a field labeled criminal psychology. There is also such a thing as forensic criminology, and some criminologists specialize in areas like criminal profiling, evidence evaluation, and crime reconstruction (see: Petherick, W., Turvey, B. E., Ferguson, C. E. (2010). Forensic Criminology.). However, forensic criminology is not widely acknowledged.
In my opinion, for all practical purposes, criminal and forensic psychology are the same; "forensic" merely means court testimony is involved in some way; a strictly criminal psychologist would be either an academic, a researcher, work in corrections, or as a consultant. A Forensic Psychologist would presumably first be required to be a licensed Clinical Psychologist. "Forensic psychology involves application of psychological research, theory, and clinical practice to the legal/criminal justice system. …
· Psychological Evaluation And Expert Testimony
· Testimony And Evaluation Regarding Civil Issues
· Assessment, Treatment, And Consultation Regarding Individuals With A High Risk For Aggressive Behavior
· Research, testimony and consultation on psychological issues impacting on the legal process
· Specialized treatment service to individuals involved with the legal system
· Consultation to lawmakers about public policy issues with psychological implications and training to law enforcement, criminal justice, correctional and mental health systems on forensic issues
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