Question

Difference between ER and mitochondria

Answer 1

Question : What's the difference between endoplasmic reticulum & Mitochondria?

Answer : Firstly, let's know what mitochondria & Endoplasmic Reticulum are.

$\huge{ \mathfrak{Mitochondria}}$

⭐ Mitochondria is also known as the power house of the cell. Because it releases energy by the oxidation of food in the form of ATP.

$\bold{C6H12o6 + o2 = co2 + h2o + energy}$

⭐ ATP is the energy currency of the cell.

⭐ Mitochondria has 2 coverings :

→ Outer membrane : It is porus and permeable. Two small molecules contain enzymes.

→ Inner membrane : Deeply folded.

⭐ Mitochondria have their own DNA & ribosomes. So they are able to make some of their own proteins.

$\huge{ \mathfrak{Endoplasmic \: Reticulum}}$

The endoplasmic reticulum consists of interconnected channels of vesicles and tubules in the cytoplasmic matrix.

The name endoplasmic reticulum was first used by Porter & Kaliman in 1952

It is found in eukaryotic cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum functions as a manufacturing and packaging system Depending upon the presence and the absense of ribosomes the endoplasmic reticulum has become differentiated into 2 types :

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum & Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum are connected on one side to the nuclear membrane & on the other side to the plasma membrane.

Answer 2

Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells, which play key roles in various biological pathways. Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production, maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis and regulation of apoptosis, while ER is involved in protein folding, lipid metabolism as well as Ca2+ homeostasis. These organelles have their own functions, but they also communicate via mitochondrial-associated ER membrane (MAM) to provide another level of regulations in energy production, lipid process, Ca2+ buffering, and apoptosis. Hence, defects in MAM alter cell survival and death. Here, we review components forming the molecular junctions of MAM and how MAM regulates cellular functions. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of impaired ER-mitochondrial communication in various neurodegenerative diseases.