Difference between human blood and sheep blood group
Answers
There are many differences between human and animal blood. Indeed, each kind of animal (including humans) have blood that is uniquely theirs due to their evolution.
Blood has several components. I’ll focus on vertebrates.
Red blood cells have different cell surface proteins in different species. This is the main reason we can’t use animal blood in humans, as a tissue the blood would be rejected by our bodies. The Rh antigen is the same in humans and the Rhesus monkey in which it was discovered, but there would be other differences.
Closely related species, like coyotes, wolves and dogs, may have much more in common, but we humans are not closely enough related to the apes to share blood. Besides, there are many more of us than them.
The red blood cells that most vertebrates have contain hemoglobin, which allows the animal to move oxygen around better than just dissolving the oxygen in water. The specific properties of the hemoglobin have developed to the needs of the animals, their environment, oxygen availability, temperature etc. I suspect but don’t know (Dang it Jim, I’m a physician, not a veterinarian!) that the normal concentrations of and affinity for oxygen is species specific. (Closely related words!) Indeed, humans have many different variant kinds of hemoglobin, some of which work better than others.
Blood plasma, the liquid part of blood, contains dissolved ions, called electrolytes, like sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate. Most of the calcium is bound to proteins in the plasma. Many of our hormones travel around the body mostly bound to proteins with small amounts freely dissolved. This is apparently a regulatory mechanism. The concentration of these chemicals will be different from one animal to another - each has a “normal” range in the laboratory. There are fats and sugars in the blood, nutrients for the cells all over the body.
Other proteins are the blood clot forming proteins and proteins that help regulate fluid balance. All or most vertebrates have these, again the individual chemistry will be different but probably similar.
In the case of identifying what blood is present, like at a crime scene, there are chemical and immunologic tests to tell the difference. There was an episode of The X Files that hinged on this difference. It is possible to tell to whom the blood belongs, for instance Utsey the iceman found in the Alps several years ago had the blood of several different people on one of his weapons.