difference between it and there
Answers
Many students have doubts about the difference between it is and there is. In reality, the two structures are not similar at all! Understanding when to use each one is very important.
- All sentences in English must have a subject. However, sometimes no subject is immediately apparent, or it is more convenient to use just one word. In these situations, we use the word it. It is a third person pronoun, meaning that the verb forms that accompany it are the same as the verb forms that accompany other third person pronouns (i.e., he and she).
- We often use it to talk about the weather. For example, we can make sentences such "it is hot" "it is cold" and "it is raining." Even though the meaning of these sentences would be clear without it, it is not possible to leave it out. It is not possible to say "is hot" "is cold" or "is raining," because grammatically these sentences have no subject.
- We also use it to talk about the time. As in the previous examples, we have to say "it is 2 o'clock," not only "is 2 o'clock." Another common use of it is to talk about people. For example, we can make sentences such as, "Who is that talking to John?" "It's his brother, Peter."
- It is often accompanied by is, which is the third person conjugation of the verb "to be." The contracted form of it is is it's. However, it is important to remember that it can be followed by other verbs too. For example, we can say "it rains a lot in England" or "it often snows in winter."
Let's look at some other examples.
Examples:
It is very hot in Mallorca in the summer.
(The weather is very hot in Mallorca, an island of Spain, in the summer.)
- When we want to say that something exists in a particular place, we use the structure there is. In there is sentences, we put the subject after the verb. Unlike with it is, there is sentences have a clear subject that we want to speak about.
- For example, we can say "there is snow outside," "there is a hole in my sock" and "there is a mouse in the kitchen." We cannot say "it is snow outside," because "snow" is already the subject of the sentence. We only use it when the sentence has no subject. Similarly, we cannot say "it is a hole in my sock" or "it is a mouse in the kitchen.In the above examples, it would be possible to say "snow is outside," "a hole is in my sock" and "a mouse is in the kitchen." However, it is more typical to use the alternate structure "there is…" because this structure emphasizes the location where the subject is located.
- When we want to speak about more than one subject, we use the plural structure there are. In the past, we use the structures there was and there were, and in the future there will be or there is/are going to be. These forms also exist in the negative and interrogative: there isn't/there aren't, there won't be, there isn't going to be, etc.
Examples:
- There is an apple in the fridge.
- (An apple is in the fridge.)
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We also use it to introduce or 'anticipate' the subject or object of a sentence, especially when the subject or object of the sentence is a clause. Most commonly, such clauses are to + infinitive and that clauses.
- It is a pronoun used for lifeless things and animals.
- It is often used to refer to a young child.
- It can be used to refer to some statement in the preceding clause.
- It can be used as impersonal pronoun.
- It can be used to refer back to a collective noun when it is viewed as a single unit.
The word “there” have multiple functions. In verbal and written English, the word can be used as an adverb, a pronoun, a noun, an interjection, or an adjective. Adverb.
Their is the possessive pronoun, as in "their car is red"; there is used as an adjective, "he is always there for me," a noun, "get away from there," and, chiefly, an adverb, "stop right there"; they're is a contraction of "they are."