Difference between potential energy and internal energy
Answers
verification.
In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a system is the total energy contained within the system. It is the energy necessary to create or prepare the system in any given state, but does not include the kinetic energyof motion of the system as a whole, nor the potential energy of the system as a whole due to external force fields which includes the energy of displacement of the system's surroundings. It keeps account of the gains and losses of energy of the system that are due to changes in its internal state.[1][2]
Internal energy
Common symbols
USI unitJIn SI base unitsm2*kg/s2
Derivations from
other quantities
{\displaystyle U=\sum _{i}p_{i}E_{i}\!}
The internal energy of a system can be increased by introduction of matter, by heat, or by doing thermodynamic work on the system.[3] When matter transfer is prevented by impermeable containing walls, the system is said to be closed and the first law of thermodynamics may be regarded as defining the internal energy as the algebraic sum of the "heat added to" and "work done by" the system on its surroundings. If the containing walls pass neither matter nor energy, the system is said to be isolated and its internal energy cannot change.
The internal energy of a given state of a system cannot be directly measured and knowledge of all components is rarely interesting. Thermodynamics is chiefly concerned only with changes in the internal energy, not with its absolute value. Changes, relative to a reference state, are determined from convenient chains of thermodynamic operations and thermodynamic processes by which a given state can be prepared. Such a process can be described by certain extensivestate variables of the system, for example,entropy, mole numbers, or electric dipole moment. For practical considerations in thermodynamics and engineering it is rarely necessary or convenient to consider all energies belonging to the total intrinsic energy of a system, such as the energy given by the equivalence of mass.
Answer:
Potential energy: It is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stress within itself, its electric charge, and other factors.
Internal energy: In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a system is the total energy contained within the system.
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