Question

Difference between progressive and regressive population

Answer 1

Explanation:

Face processing undergoes a fairly protracted developmental time course but the neural underpinnings are not well understood. Prior fMRI studies have only examined progressive changes (i.e., increases in specialization in certain regions with age), which would be predicted by both the Interactive Specialization (IS) and maturational theories of neural development. To differentiate between these accounts, the present study also examined regressive changes (i.e., decreases in specialization in certain regions with age), which is predicted by the IS but not maturational account. The fMRI results show that both progressive and regressive changes occur, consistent with IS. Progressive changes mostly occurred in occipital-fusiform and inferior frontal cortex whereas regressive changes largely emerged in parietal and lateral temporal cortices. Moreover, inconsistent with the maturational account, all of the regions involved in face viewing in adults were active in children, with some regions already specialized for face processing by 5 years of age and other regions activated in children but not specifically for faces. Thus, neurodevelopment of face processing involves dynamic interactions among brain regions including age-related increases and decreases in specialization and the involvement of different regions at different ages. These results are more consistent with IS than maturational models of neural development.

Beginning in infancy, the face is an important social stimulus. Infants show a preference for the face versus other stimuli soon after birth (Cassia, Turati, & Simion, 2004) and, early on, infants discriminate their mothers’ faces from those of strangers (Bushnell, Sai, & Mullin, 1989). However, typical face processing in infancy differs from typical face processing in adulthood in terms of both perceptual and social information processing (Bhatt, Bertin, Hayden, & Reed, 2005; Carver et al., 2003).

In addition, face processing improves with age in childhood (Pascalis & Slater, 2003) and may not reach adult-like levels until well into adolescence (Carey, Diamond, & Woods, 1980; Ellis, Shepard, & Bruce, 1973). However, there is debate about the exact nature of the developmental change (Carey & Diamond, 1994; McKone & Boyer, 2006; Mondloch, Geldart, Maurer, & Le Grand, 2003; Pellicano, Rhodes, & Peters, 2006). Earlier studies suggested that children are more sensitive to facial features than to the spacing among features (second-order structure) and that second-order processing takes more time to mature (Carey & Diamond, 1994; Schwarzer, 2000). However, recent findings show that even infants as young as five months of age are sensitive to second-order structure in faces (Bhatt, Bertin, Hayden, & Reed, 2005). Moreover, when floor and ceiling effects are controlled, young children do not show particular deficits in second-order processing (McKone & Boyer, 2006). Although this debate continues, it is widely accepted that face processing continues to develop throughout childhood. Therefore, the present study focuses on developmental changes specifically in the time window of 5 to 12 years of age.

Answer 2

The difference between progressive and regressive population is as follows:

Explanation:

• Population may be defined as the group of individual of the same species that can breed among themselves and acquires the common area. Two types of population are progressive population and regressive population.
• The progressive population has high birth rate where as regressive population has low birth rate.
• The progressive population has high death rate whereas regressive population has low birth rate.
• The progressive represent the growing population and regressive represents the declining population.

# Learn more with brainly about population:

Population: https://brainly.in/question/9027090