difference between rather and sonar
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What are the differences and similarities between a sonar and a radar?
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S. Patrick Maiorca, Webmaster at Astoundingoutpost.com (2017-present)
Answered Mar 30, 2018 · Author has 5.4kanswers and 8m answer views
Originally Answered: What is the difference between radar and sonar?
Radar is radio detection and ranging so it uses radio waves to find objects sonar is sonic Navigation and Ranging it uses sound to find an object. It works in two basic modes active sonar and passive - active sonar sends out a loud ping which travels over the ocean and bounces back when it hits a reflective surface and echos. Passive sonar simply drops a microphone out in the water and records whatever is out there.
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Mats Österholm, Former Sonar Officer in the Swedish ASW Task Force in the 90's.
Answered Apr 19, 2016 · Author has 245answers and 660.4k answer views
First, let me distinguish between a passive and an active sonar. A passive sonar is basically like a microphone that you use to listen for submarines and surface ships underwater. An active sonar works more like a radar, so I'm going to assume that the type of sonar you're wantning to compare.
Similarities:
- Both give you a range and a bearing to the target.
- Both transmit a signal in a known bearing, and calculates the range to the target by the formula (speed of the sound or radio signal x time before the echo from the target echoes back to the transmitter / 2 (since the signal goes out and then comes back. For example, of the echo from a sonar takes 4.8 seconds to come bak to the sonar transducer and the current speed of sound in water is 1480 meters/second, the you know the target is at a distance of (1480 x 4.8 / 2) 3 552 meters from the transducer.
- Both can either transmit omnidirectional (360 degrees) or in a beam/sector. Some can do both.
- Both can be detected by the target ship's (if military)/submarine's sensors long before the target ship/submarine is within detection range.
- Both have an inverse relationship between detail/accuracy and range.
Differences:
- The radar uses radiowaves, while the sonar uses soundwaves.
- The radar has a vastly greater range.
- The speed of sound is affected by temperature, salinity and depth. Since the sea normally has different layers of temperature and salinity, the speed of sound varies depending on the depth. This will make the sound beam bounce off, or ge trapped in, different layers in the water. Unlike a radar, the sonar therefore has blind spots where it cannot see. The is countered bu using a Variable Depth Sonas (VDS), that can be lowered to look in and under these layers. Submarines uses these layers to hide and to listen.
- A radar can be jammed by electronic countermeasures, but is largely unaffected by birds. A sonar is unaffected by countermeasures, but can be affected by marine life giving off echoes.
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Still have a question? Ask your own!
What is your question?
3 ANSWERS

S. Patrick Maiorca, Webmaster at Astoundingoutpost.com (2017-present)
Answered Mar 30, 2018 · Author has 5.4kanswers and 8m answer views
Originally Answered: What is the difference between radar and sonar?
Radar is radio detection and ranging so it uses radio waves to find objects sonar is sonic Navigation and Ranging it uses sound to find an object. It works in two basic modes active sonar and passive - active sonar sends out a loud ping which travels over the ocean and bounces back when it hits a reflective surface and echos. Passive sonar simply drops a microphone out in the water and records whatever is out there.
192 Views
MORE ANSWERS BELOW. RELATED QUESTIONS
What are the different uses for sonar and radar?
1,418 Views
How do sonar and radar function differently?
277 Views
What are the applications of SONAR and RADAR?
3,769 Views
How do sonar and echolocation differ?
159 Views
How was sonar and radar developed?
1 View
OTHER ANSWERS

Mats Österholm, Former Sonar Officer in the Swedish ASW Task Force in the 90's.
Answered Apr 19, 2016 · Author has 245answers and 660.4k answer views
First, let me distinguish between a passive and an active sonar. A passive sonar is basically like a microphone that you use to listen for submarines and surface ships underwater. An active sonar works more like a radar, so I'm going to assume that the type of sonar you're wantning to compare.
Similarities:
- Both give you a range and a bearing to the target.
- Both transmit a signal in a known bearing, and calculates the range to the target by the formula (speed of the sound or radio signal x time before the echo from the target echoes back to the transmitter / 2 (since the signal goes out and then comes back. For example, of the echo from a sonar takes 4.8 seconds to come bak to the sonar transducer and the current speed of sound in water is 1480 meters/second, the you know the target is at a distance of (1480 x 4.8 / 2) 3 552 meters from the transducer.
- Both can either transmit omnidirectional (360 degrees) or in a beam/sector. Some can do both.
- Both can be detected by the target ship's (if military)/submarine's sensors long before the target ship/submarine is within detection range.
- Both have an inverse relationship between detail/accuracy and range.
Differences:
- The radar uses radiowaves, while the sonar uses soundwaves.
- The radar has a vastly greater range.
- The speed of sound is affected by temperature, salinity and depth. Since the sea normally has different layers of temperature and salinity, the speed of sound varies depending on the depth. This will make the sound beam bounce off, or ge trapped in, different layers in the water. Unlike a radar, the sonar therefore has blind spots where it cannot see. The is countered bu using a Variable Depth Sonas (VDS), that can be lowered to look in and under these layers. Submarines uses these layers to hide and to listen.
- A radar can be jammed by electronic countermeasures, but is largely unaffected by birds. A sonar is unaffected by countermeasures, but can be affected by marine life giving off echoes.
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