DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIMPLE GOITER AND CRETINISM
Answers
Answer:
Key difference:
Cretinism is a condition arising from the deficiency of a thyroid hormone, which is characterized by dwarfism and mental retardation. Goitre is a swelling caused in the thyroid gland by under or over production of hormones by the gland.
Congenital:
Congenital hypothyroidism is considered to be endemic, genetic, or sporadic. If it remains untreated, the condition may results in mild to severe impairment of both physical and mental growth and development. The pause in the growth and height can be noticeable as early as in the first year of birth. In an adult, the stature without treatment ranges from 1 to 1.6 meters. It depends on severity of the disease, sex and other genetic factors. Cretinism results in mental deterioration, swelling of the skin, loss of water and hair. There is a delay in bone maturation and puberty. Ovulation is impeded and infertility is common. It also causes neurological impairment. The impairment can be mild with reduced muscle tone and coordination, or so severe that a person cannot stand or walk. Cognitive impairment may also range from mild to so severe that the person becomes nonverbal and is dependent on others for basic care and need. The thought and reflexes become slower. Other symptoms include thickened skin, enlarged tongue or a protruded abdomen. It also causes goitre.
Periodic and genetic cretinism results from the abnormal development or function of the foetal thyroid gland. This type of cretinism has been eradicated, due to early diagnosis of this condition. It is diagnosed by newborn screening schemes along with the lifelong treatment of thyroxin.
Cretinism arises due to deficiency of iodine from the body. Iodine is an essential trace element; it is necessary and required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of brain damage. It is absent from the diet of the people, which can lead to cause cretinism. Although iodine is found in many foods, as it is not universally present in all soils or in adequate amounts.
It can be prevented by proper consumption of iodine on a daily basis in people’s diet.
Goiter
Goiter is the swelling of the glands, which is caused by under or over production in the glands. It is nearly double the size of the neck. It is a swelling of the neck or larynx resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland, associated with a thyroid gland that does not function properly.
Goiter is associated with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and may be present with various symptoms, that are common among these disorders. The most common symptoms for hyperthyroidism are weight loss despite increased appetite and heat intolerance. Hypothyroid individuals have weight gain despite of poor appetite, cold intolerance, constipation and lethargy. However, these symptoms are often nonspecific and hard to diagnose.
Answer:
A simple goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to the deficiency of iodine in one's own diet. It is usually not a tumor or cancer.
Cretinism also known as Congenital Hypothyroidism is actually the underactivity of the thyroid gland caused due to the deficiency of iodine in the mother's diet during pregnancy.
Explanation:
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