.Differentiate between cell wall and cell membrane.
Answers
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The cell wall is present only in plants, fungi, and bacteria. The image above represents a plant cell wall
The cell wall is the outermost covering of plant cells. It is present outside the cell membrane and is tough, flexible and sometimes rigid in its texture. It is mainly composed of cellulose, long fibres of carbohydrates including hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin.
The main functions of the cell wall are:
Protecting the cell against physical damage and invading pathogens.
Regulate and controls the direction of cell growth.
Providing the strength, structural support and maintaining the shape of the cell.
Functions as a storage unit by storing carbohydrates for use in plant growth, especially in seeds.
It allows entry of smaller molecules through it freely.
The cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane. It is the outermost covering of animal cells. It is a semi-permeable membrane composed of lipids and proteins. The main functions of the cell membrane include:
Protecting the integrity of the interior cell.
Providing support and maintaining the shape of the cell.
Helps in regulating cell growth through the balance of endocytosis and exocytosis.
The cell membrane also plays an important role in cell signalling and communication.
It acts as a selectively permeable membrane by allowing the entry of only selected substances into the cell.
CELL WALL
CELL MEMBRANE
Present only in plants, and in some fungi, bacteria, algae. Present in all types of cells, in humans, animals, plants, bacteria, etc.
It is the outermost part of the plant cell It is the outermost covering the animal cells
It is made up of pectin, chitin, lignin, glycoproteins, glycolipids, sugar, and cellulose. It is a lipid bilayer. And is composed of lipoproteins and carbohydrates.
The cell wall is 0.1 μm to several μm in thickness The cell membrane is 7.5–10 nm in thickness
It is the thick and rigid structure with a fixed shape. It is a thin and delicate structure. It is flexible to change the shape as needed.
It protects the cell from the external environment. It protects and maintains the internal environment of the cell.
The cell wall is metabolically inactive The cell membrane is metabolically active.
The cell wall grows in thickness over time. Further, it occupies the whole cell in the plant as the cell ages and dies. It is of the same thickness for the lifetime of the organism.
The cell wall is fully permeable to smaller molecules with the size of 30-60 kDa. The membrane is selectively permeable and controls the movement of the substance into and outside the cell.
Functions include protection from the external environment. Functions include permeability, signal reception, motility conduction, cell division, sexual reproduction etc.
Conclusion
The cell wall and cell membrane are two organelles that are an important part of living organisms. However, the former is found only in plants, fungi and in some bacteria. Traditionally, a cell well is defined as the layer of polysaccharides that exists outside the plasma membrane. It is rigid and serves structural and supportive functions. On the other hand, the cell wall in fungi is made from another material called chitin, which is also found in the exoskeletons of arthropods.
The cell membrane is present in all living organisms, including plants. It is the outermost layer of the cell in animals and encloses other cellular organelles within. Unlike the cell wall, the cell membrane is flexible and its shape can be changed as needed. Also, it is metabolically active and has selective permeability.
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