Question

differentiate between DNA and RNA (minimum 6 points)​

Answer 1

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DNA

1. Full Name : Deoxyribonucleic Acid

2. Function: DNA replicates and stores genetic information. It is a blueprint for all genetic information contained within an organism

3. Structure: DNA consists of two strands, arranged in a double helix. These strands are made up of subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar molecule and a nitrogenous base.

4. Sugar: The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which contains one less hydroxyl group than RNA’s ribose.

5. Location: DNA is found in the nucleus, with a small amount of DNA also present in mitochondria.

RNA

1. Full Name:  Ribonucleic Acid

2. Function: RNA converts the genetic information contained within DNA to a format used to build proteins, and then moves it to ribosomal protein factories.

3. Structure: RNA only has one strand, but like DNA, is made up of nucleotides. RNA strands are shorter than DNA strands. RNA sometimes forms a secondary double helix structure, but only intermittently.

4. Sugar: RNA contains ribose sugar molecules, without the hydroxyl modifications of deoxyribose.

5. Location: RNA forms in the nucleolus, and then moves to specialised regions of the cytoplasm depending on the type of RNA formed.  

Answer 2

Answer:

Difference between DNA and RNA

1) DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more -OH group than deoxyribose, which has -H attached to the second (2') carbon in the ring.

2)DNA is a double-stranded molecule while RNA is a single-stranded molecule.

3) DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable.

4) DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information while RNA directly codes for amino acids and as acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins.

5) DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Uracil differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring.

6)While both DNA and RNA are used to store genetic information.

Explanation:

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