Question

Differentiate between Homologous and Analogous Organs , with examples.

CLASS - 10 ( CBSE )

Science - Heredity and Evolution

Answer 1

HOMOLOGOUS ORGANS And ANALOGOUS ORGANS
(Distinguish)
1)Homologous organs show the same structural plan whereas analogous organs show different structure in different animals.
2)Functions performed by homologus organs are different compared to analogous organs they always perform same functions.
3)Homologus organs explain the common ancestry in the evolution And Analogous organs explain the common adaptation due to common habits.
4)Examples of Homologous organs:Forelimb of man ,front leg of bull,wing of a bird ,find of Whale .
Examplesof Analogus organs: wing of insect,tail fin of lobster and tail flukes of Whale .

HOPE IT HELPS YOU!

Answer 2

Homologous Organs —
They are organs which have similar origin, similar development and similar internal structure. But, have different forms and functions.

For example :-
The Forelimbs of Humans and the wings of bird look different externally. But, their skeletal structure is similar. It means that their origin is similar. But, functions are different. Wings of birds helps in flight, whereas human forearm helps in various activities.

Anologous Organs –
They are organs which have similar appearance and function but are quite different in their origin, development and anatomy.

For example :-
The wing of an insect and a bird have completely different basic structure, but they perform the same function of flying.

Similarly, the wings of a bird and a bat are similar in function. However, the wings of both the animals are structurally quite different. In bats, the wings are just the folds of skin that are stretched between it's fingers Whereas, the wings of birds are present all along the arm.


Differences Between Homologous & Analogous Organs :-

Homologous Organs -

1. On the basis of Basic plan and origin :- Homologous organs have a similar basic pattern and similar origin.
2. On the basis of Appearance :- Homologous Organs have different appearance.
3. On the basis of Function :- They generally performs different functions.
4. On the basis of Evolution :- Homologous Organs show Adaptive radiation or Divergent evolution.
5. Examples :- Forelimbs of human beings, Frogs, lizard, horses, Wing of bird or bat, flipper of Whale.


Analogous Organs -

1. On the basis of Basic plan and origin :- Analogous organs have a different origin and basic plan.
2. On the basis of Appearance :- Analogous Organs have similar appearance.
3. On the basis of Function :- They have a similar functions.
4. On the basis of Evolution :- Analogous Organs show convergent evolution.
5. Examples :- Wings of Insects, Bat and bird.

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