Question

Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Answer 1

Dear Student,

● Sympathetic Vs parasympathetic nervous system -

1. Sympathetic nervous system is called fight, flight & fright. Parasympathetic nervous system is rest and digest.
2. Sympathetic system inhibits digestion and reduces appetite while parasympathetic system stimulates digestion and increases appetite.
3. Sympathetic nervous system dilates pupil while parasympathetic contracts pupil.
4. Sympathetic nervous system constricts blood vessels and increase blood pressure while parasympathetic dilates blood vessels and decrease blood pressure.
5. Ganglia are linked to form chain in sympathetic while ganglia are isolated in parasympathetic nervous system.

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Answer 2

Differentiation Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

Explanation:

Sympathetic Nervous System:  

• Function: Prepares, mobilizes and controls the response of a body during a perceived threat
• Location: Originates in the medullary and sacral regions of the spinal cord
• General Response of Action: Stimulates the body functions to counter any threat and inhibits non-critical functions
• Mode of Action: Fight or flight response
• Systemic Regulatory Action:

1. Sensory: Dilates pupil and reduces lacrimation
2. Pulmonary: Dilates bronchial tubes and increases airway
3. Cardiovascular: Increases heart rate, contracts heart muscles
4. Musculoskeletal: Contracts the muscles
5. Gastrointestinal: Inhibits production of saliva and slows down or inhibits the activities of stomach, gallbladder, and intestines
6. Excretory: Relaxes bladder and reduces urinary output
7. Endocrine: Adrenaline is released by adrenal glands

• Neuron Pathway: Short neurons
• Response Time: Faster
• Neurotransmitter: Adrenegic
• Hormones: Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Parasympathetic Nervous System:

• Function: Maintains homeostasis or body balance, prevents over-functioning,  
• Location: Originates in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
• General Response of Action: Counterbalances threat conditions and brings back the body to calm and composed state
• Mode of Action: Rest and Digest

• Systemic Regulatory Action:

1. Sensory: Constricts pupil and increases lacrimation
2. Pulmonary: Dilates bronchial tubes  
3. Cardiovascular: Decreases heart rate, relaxes heart muscles
4. Gastrointestinal: Increases production of saliva and stimulates the activities of stomach, gallbladder, and intestines
5. Excretory: Constricts bladder and increases urinary output
6. Endocrine: Adrenaline is not released

• Neuron Pathway: Longer neurons
• Response Time: Slower
• Neurotransmitter: Chlorinegic
• Hormones: Acetylcholine