Question

Differentiate between thallophytes and bryophytes with examples

Answer 1

1. They are mostly aquatic.

2 The thallus consists of a single cell to well developed uniseriate or branched

3. There is no or ill defined tissue differenti­ation

4. In each cell one or few chloropasts are present. In other cases instead of chloroplasts, the chromatophores are present.

5. The stomata or pores are not present

6. Generally rhizoids are not present and if present they are of simple type

7. Every cell is capable of growth and development.

8. Asexual reproduction takes place by means of zoospores or aplanospores. In many cases vegetative reproduction is commonly found.

9. Sexual reproduction may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous.

10. The sex organs are unicellular, and when multicellular every cell forms a gamete. There is no jacket of sterile cells.

11. The female sex organ is single-celled oogonium. It is not covered by any sterile jacket layer.

12. The zygote is liberated from the plant and passes into the resting stage.

13. No embryo is formed after fertilization.

14. They show ill defined homologous type of alternation of generations.

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15. The gametophyte and sporophyte are independent.

Bryophyta:

1. Mostly terrestrial and prefer damp and shady places.

2. The thalles is not filamentous except in protonema stage. It is made up of parenchymatous cells.

3. There is well defined tissue differenti­ation.

4. In each chlorophyllous cell many well developed chloroplasts are present.

5. The pores or stomata are present.

6. The rhizoids are present. They may be smooth walled, tuberculate or obliquely septate. The scales are also present.

7. Only the special cells are capable of growth and development.

8. Asexual reproduction is absent. Vegetative reproduction is common.

9. Sexual reproduction is only oogamous.

10. The sex organs are multicellular and remain protected by a jacket of sterile cells.

11. The female sex organ is flask-shaped, multicellular archegonium which remains covered by a sterile jacket layer. Neck canal cells, ventral canal cell and egg are found within archegonium.

12. The zygote is not liberated from the plant and does not undergo any testing period.

13. In all bryophytes the emphasis developed after fertilization.

14. They show well defined heteromorphic type of alternation of generations.

15. The sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte for its nutrition.

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Answer 2

thallophyta are the types of plants which do not have well differentiated body design
ex. chara , ulva
bryophyta are the plants which do not have specialized tissue for the conduction of water
ex. Funaria , marchantia