Differentiate rural local bodies and urban local bodies.
Answers
Explanation:
Local bodies ministry of statistics and programme implementation and administration in the rural local bodies as urban local bodies
Explanation:
Rural
Edit
The panchayati raj system is a three-tier system with elected bodies at the village, taluk and district levels. The modern system is based in part on traditional panchayat governance, in part on the vision of Mahatma Gandhi and in part by the work of various committees to harmonize the highly centralized Indian governmental administration with a degree of local autonomy.[4] The result was intended to create greater participation in local government by people and more effective implementation of rural development programs. Although, as of 2015, implementation in all of India is not complete,the intention is for there to be a gram panchayat for each village or group of villages, a tehsil level council, and a zilla panchayat at the district level.
Rural Local Governments (or Panchayat Raj Institutions) [1]
Zilla Panchayat
Mandal Or Taluka Panchayats
Gram Panchayats
The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957)
Edit
In 1957, Balwant Rai Mehta Committee studied the Community Development Projects and the National Extension Service and assessed the extent to which the movement had succeeded in utilising local initiatives and in creating institutions to ensure continuity in the process of improving economic and social conditions in rural areas. The Committee held that community development would only be deep and enduring when the community was involved in the planning, decision-making and implementation process.[5] The suggestions were for as follows:[6]-
an early establishment of elected local bodies and devolution to them of necessary resources, power and authority,
that the basic unit of democratic decentralisation was at the block/samiti level since the area of jurisdiction of the local body should neither be too large nor too small. The block was large enough for efficiency and economy of administration, and small enough for sustaining a sense of involvement in the citizens,
such body must not be constrained by too much control by the government or government agencies,
the body must be constituted for five years by indirect elections from the village panchayats,
its functions should cover the development of agriculture in all its aspects, the promotion of local industries and others
services such as drinking water, road building, etc., and
the higher level body, Zilla Parishad, would play an advisory role.
The PRI structure did not develop the requisite democratic momentum and failed to cater to the needs of rural development. There are various reasons for such an outcome which include political and bureaucratic resistance at the state level to share power and resources with local level institutions, domination of local elites over the major share of the benefits of welfare schemes, lack of capability at the local level and lack of political will.
It was decided to appoint a high-level committee under the chairmanship of Ashok Mehta to examine and suggest measures to strengthen PRIs. The Committee had to evolve an effective decentralised system of development for PRIs. They made the following recommendations:[7]-
the district is a viable administrative unit for which planning, co-ordination and resource allocation are feasible and technical expertise available,
PRIs as a two-tier system, with Mandal Panchayat at the base and Zilla Parishad at the top,
the PRIs are capable of planning for themselves with the resources available to them,
district planning should take care of the urban-rural continuum,
representation of SCs and STs in the election to PRIs on the basis of their population,
four-year term of PRIs,