Question

Difficulties faced by Chandra Bose during period freedom movement

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Two-part book by the Indian nationalist leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose that covers the 1920–1942 history of the Indian independence movement to end British imperial rule over India. Banned in India by the British colonial government, The Indian Struggle was published in the country only in 1948 after India became independent. The book analyses a period of the Indian independence struggle from the Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements of the early 1920s to the Quit India and Azad Hind movements of the early 1940s.

The first part of The Indian Struggle covering the years 1920–1934 was published in London in 1935 by Lawrence and Wishart. Bose had been in exile in Europe following his arrest and detention by the colonial government for his association with the revolutionary group, the Bengal Volunteers and his suspected role in several acts of violence. In Vienna, where he wrote the book, Bose had to largely rely on memory as he did not have access to documentary material. When Bose arrived in Karachi in December 1934 in defiance of the colonial government's ban on his entry into India, he was arrested and the original manuscript of the book seized.[4] Published in London the following year, the book was well received by the British press and critics. The British were quick to ban it in India and Samuel Hoare, the Secretary of State for India, justified this action to the House of Commons on the grounds that it encouraged terrorism and direct action among the masses.

The second part dealing with 1935–1942 was written by Bose during the Second World War. A planned German edition of the book never came to fruition during Bose's stay in Europe during 1941–'43 while an Italian edition came out in 1942. He was assisted in writing the book by Emilie Schenkl whom he went on to marry and who bore him a daughter.

The Indian Struggle, 1920-1942, is Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's major political study of the movement for independence in which he himself was a leading participant. The book gives a lucid, analytical narrative of the freedom struggle from the time of the non-co-operation and Khilafat movements to the Quit India and the Azad Hind movements.

Netaji's reflections of the key themes in Indian history and a finely etched assessment of Mahatma Gandhi's role in it, enrich the story of the political upheavals of the inter-war period.

Bose wrote the first part of the narrative, 1920-1934, as an exile in Europe. He wrote it in about a year when he was seriously ailing. Moreover, as he himself mentioned in his original preface, while writing what was essentially a historical narrative, he had to draw largely from memory in the absence of adequate reference materials at his disposal in Vienna.

Lawrence and Wishart published the book in London on 17 January 1935. It was particularly well reviewed in the British Press and welcomed in European literary and political circles. The British Government in India, however, with the approval of the Secretary of State for India in London, lost no time in banning it in India. Samuel Hoare, the secretary of State for India, alleged in the House of Commons that the action had been taken because the book tended to encourage terrorism and direct action.

As the book did not reach the Indian reading public for more than a decade after its first publication, we can only guess the nature of reaction and response it might have evoked.

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