direct and indirect speech how to understand
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Direct speech is exact words of speaker.
Indirect speech is exact meaning of speaker.
Indirect speech is exact meaning of speaker.
Ativle31:
In direct speech,( narration or quotation) the speaker's exact words are given ,eg Sam said," I am trying for a job here."
In indirect speech ( narration) only the substance of what the speaker said is given n not the exact words , eg Sam said that he was trying for a job there.
Can I know, when we use the word Says in indirect speech
Answered by
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hiii frnd!!
here's ur answer...
first of all, there are two ways by which we may report or narrate what a speaker said.
DIRECT SPEECH - the exact word of a speaker. example : he said, "I am an honest boy".
INDIRECT SPEECH - in it, only the substance of what the speaker said is given and not the exact words. example : he said that he was an honest boy.
example:
I said, " I am honest".
==> I said that I am honest. ^^"
here, "said" is the reporting verb and "I am honest" is reported speech.
and u should know about the changes which is done while changing direct into indirect.
some of the changes are :-
>> said to - told
>> said - said that
>> says - says that
>> will say - will say that
there are rules in reported speech, lemme tell u...
• RULE 1.
if the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tenses inside the quotation mark ( tense of the reported speech ) change into their corresponding past tense.
=> SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE → SIMPLE PAST TENSE
example :- he said, "I like books. ==> he said that he liked books.
=> PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE → PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
example:- she said, " I am working" ==> she said that she was working.
=> PRESENT PERFECT TENSE → PAST PERFECT TENSE
example :- they said,"we have won," ==> they said that they had won.
=> SIMPLE PAST TENSE → PAST PERFECT TENSE
example :- she said"we got tired." ==> she said that they had got tired.
=> PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE → PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
example :- he said,"we were going." ==> he said that they had been going.
=> PAST PERFECT TENSE → NO CHANGE OF TENSE
example :- she said,"I had finished my work." ==> she said that she had finished her work.
now some more changes:-
>> may - might
>> will - would
>> shall - should
• RULE 2.
if the reporting verb is in present or future tense, there will be no change in the tense of the reported speech.
examples:-
1. Rose says, "I write a letter everyday."
==> Rose says that she writes a letter everyday.
2. Pragya will say, "I can't read book.
==> Pragya will say that she cannot read book.
XD XD...
now, one of the most important...that is INTEROGATIVE sentence ^^
don't worry, if u understand it properly then it's very easy...
changes are :-
>> said - asked
>> said to me - asked me
first u should know wh-family..
:- what, when, whom, how, why and where.
>> while converting direct into indirect, if wh-family word is used, then it will be used as it is.
>> in other cases we will use if/whether next to the reporting verb.
examples:-
1. he said, "where are you?"
==> he asked where I was.
2. she said to me, "are you fine?"
==> she asked me if/whether I was fine.
and listen, that in interrogative sentences, the indirect speech should be in positive otherwise the meantime of sentence will be changed.
don't confuse, it's very easy and interesting...
hope u will understand and also it will help u...!!
^_^
here's ur answer...
first of all, there are two ways by which we may report or narrate what a speaker said.
DIRECT SPEECH - the exact word of a speaker. example : he said, "I am an honest boy".
INDIRECT SPEECH - in it, only the substance of what the speaker said is given and not the exact words. example : he said that he was an honest boy.
example:
I said, " I am honest".
==> I said that I am honest. ^^"
here, "said" is the reporting verb and "I am honest" is reported speech.
and u should know about the changes which is done while changing direct into indirect.
some of the changes are :-
>> said to - told
>> said - said that
>> says - says that
>> will say - will say that
there are rules in reported speech, lemme tell u...
• RULE 1.
if the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tenses inside the quotation mark ( tense of the reported speech ) change into their corresponding past tense.
=> SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE → SIMPLE PAST TENSE
example :- he said, "I like books. ==> he said that he liked books.
=> PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE → PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
example:- she said, " I am working" ==> she said that she was working.
=> PRESENT PERFECT TENSE → PAST PERFECT TENSE
example :- they said,"we have won," ==> they said that they had won.
=> SIMPLE PAST TENSE → PAST PERFECT TENSE
example :- she said"we got tired." ==> she said that they had got tired.
=> PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE → PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
example :- he said,"we were going." ==> he said that they had been going.
=> PAST PERFECT TENSE → NO CHANGE OF TENSE
example :- she said,"I had finished my work." ==> she said that she had finished her work.
now some more changes:-
>> may - might
>> will - would
>> shall - should
• RULE 2.
if the reporting verb is in present or future tense, there will be no change in the tense of the reported speech.
examples:-
1. Rose says, "I write a letter everyday."
==> Rose says that she writes a letter everyday.
2. Pragya will say, "I can't read book.
==> Pragya will say that she cannot read book.
XD XD...
now, one of the most important...that is INTEROGATIVE sentence ^^
don't worry, if u understand it properly then it's very easy...
changes are :-
>> said - asked
>> said to me - asked me
first u should know wh-family..
:- what, when, whom, how, why and where.
>> while converting direct into indirect, if wh-family word is used, then it will be used as it is.
>> in other cases we will use if/whether next to the reporting verb.
examples:-
1. he said, "where are you?"
==> he asked where I was.
2. she said to me, "are you fine?"
==> she asked me if/whether I was fine.
and listen, that in interrogative sentences, the indirect speech should be in positive otherwise the meantime of sentence will be changed.
don't confuse, it's very easy and interesting...
hope u will understand and also it will help u...!!
^_^
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