Discovery of proton
Answers
Explanation:
Protons are subatomic particles that, with neutrons and electrons, are the principal constituents of atoms.
Protons are positively charged particles that reside in the nucleus of an atom. These protons add the overall positive charge of a molecule. The mass of the proton is 1.6727g x 10 raised to -24, the electron 9.110g x 10 raised to -28.
Through scientific discovery, protons have been accepted as the particle that contributes to the positive charge of an atom. The discovery of protons can be attributed to Rutherford.
In 1886 Goldstein discovered existence of positively charged rays in the discharge tube by using perforated cathode. These rays were named as anode rays or cannal rays.
In 1899, Rutherford discovered alpha and beta ‘rays’ from uranium. He later demonstrated that alpha rays are the nuclei of helium atoms. He discovered in 1914 that the nucleus of an atom constituted and extremely dense but small fraction of the volume of an atom and that this nucleus was positive in charge.
Given the discoveries of electrons in 1897 by Thomson, Rutherford and other scientists decided that a positively charged particle must exist to center the electron to create equally neutral atoms.
Thomson proposed the name ‘positive rays’. Rutherford, in 1914, suggested that this something that was positively charged or the sportive ray of Thomson was a particle.
He gave the name ‘positive electron’ to it. The word ‘proton’ was assigned to this particle by 1920.
Rutherford continued to do research until his death, but the proton was his last big discovery.
Discovery of Proton
After the discovery of electrons scientist attempted to discover the positively charged Proton in 1886, German scientists Eugen Goldstein modified the cathode ray discharge tube. He passed electricity at high voltage gas at very low pressure take enema for fortin discharge tube. Streams of heavy particles were given out by the positive electrode i.e., anode. These stream of heavy particles are called an- ode rays as these rays were directed away from the anode. These are also called positive rays since, they consist of positively charged particles called protons. Initially, these rays were also called as canal rays as they moved like a stream of water in a canal.
Goldstein explained the formation of protons using hydrogen gas. When a high voltage is applied to hy- drogen gas, the electrical energy removes the elec- trons from the hydrogen atoms. After the removal of negatively charged electron from the hydrogen atom, a positively charged particle called the is formed . proton Unlike cathode rays, the formation of anode rays particles depends upon the nature of gas present in the discharge tube. This means that the charge to mass ratio of the positively charged particles is different for different gases.
