Discrimination faced by razia sultana braziya
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Answer:
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish passed away on 30 April 1236. Even though he had already appointed Razia was his heir apparent, the existing Muslim nobility was completely against accepting a woman as their sultan. Thus the political pressure groups ensured that instead of Razia her brother Rukn ud din Firuz was made the Sultan.
The new Sultan was a complete failure as a ruler. It is believed that Iltutmish’s widow Shah Turkaan ran the government during his brief reign for all practical purposes, while the Sultan remained immersed in enjoying his royal status. After just six months in November a court conspiracy resulted in the assassination of both Ruknuddin and his mother Shah Turkaan.
Razia came to power on 10 November 1236 and ascended the throne with the formal name of Jalâlat-ud-Dîn Raziyâ. As a ruler she gave up traditional Muslim woman’s attire, including the pardah and adopted gender-neutral attire, similar to what male rulers before her used to wear. Her giving up of the veil in shocked the conservative Muslims and was not taken to very kindly by the religious class.
She exercised authority with ease and confidence and ordered coins to be minted in her name as “Pillar of Women, Queen of the Times, Sultana Razia, daughter of Shamsuddin Altumish”.
Her training and her father’s tutelage came in handy for her as a good ruler. She was an unabashed a woman and brave warrior. Razia Sultan led her forces from the front in battles and conquered various new territories and in order to strengthen her kingdom. As an administrator too Razia was no less than what Delhi had seen in Sultan’s before her.
She was also a secular Sultan and established several educational institutions and public libraries. Along with the learning of Qur’an she laid emphasis for all kinds of new learning. Traditional works in the sciences and literature from all cultures other than Islam were also studied in the institutions.
However, her becoming the ruler was not accepted by the Turkish nobles who considered a woman becoming the Sultan as an insult to all the male warriors and nobles. In the leadership of one such nobleman Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Aitigin, a conspiracy against Razia was hatched.
Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, the governor of Bhatinda who was surprisingly Razia’s childhood friend, was the first to raise a revolt against her rule. She did bravely lead her army against him, but following a bitter defeat was taken prisoner. Her brother, Muizuddin Bahram Shah subsequently usurped the throne.
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Answer:
Raziya al-Din (r. 1236–1240), popularly known as Razia Sultana, was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. She is notable for being the first female Muslim ruler of the Indian Subcontinent.
Razia Sultan of Delhi
Reign 1236 − 20 April 1240
Predecessor Ruknuddin Firuz
Successor Muizuddin Bahram
Died 15 October 1240 Kaithal, Delhi Sultanate
Burial kulbuli Khana near Turkman Gate, Delhi
Spouse Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia
Regnal name Jalâlat-ud-Dîn Razia
House Mamluk dynasty
Father Iltutmish
Mother Turkan Khatun
Religion Sunni Islam
A daughter of Mamluk Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish, Razia administered Delhi during 1231-1232 when her father was busy in the Gwalior campaign. According to a possibly apocryphal legend, impressed by her performance during this period, Iltutmish nominated Razia as his heir apparent after returning to Delhi. Iltutmish was succeeded by Razia's half-brother Ruknuddin Firuz, whose mother Shah Turkan planned to execute her. During a rebellion against Ruknuddin, Razia instigated the general public against Shah Turkan, and ascended the throne after Ruknuddin was deposed in 1236.
Razia's ascension was challenged by a section of nobles, some of whom ultimately joined her, while the others were defeated.
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