discuss about Epstein - Barr virus ( in 300 word)
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Answer:
It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis ("mono" or "glandular fever"). It is also associated with various non-malignant, premalignant, and malignant Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases such as Burkitt lymphoma, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,[2] and Hodgkin's lymphoma; non-lymphoid malignancies such as gastric cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus such as hairy leukoplakia and central nervous system lymphomas.[3][4] The virus is also associated with the childhood disorders of Alice in Wonderland syndrome[5] and acute cerebellar ataxia[6] and, based on some evidence, higher risks of developing certain autoimmune diseases,[7] especially dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome,[8][9] and multiple sclerosis.[10][11][12] About 200,000 cancer cases per year are thought to be attributable to EBV.[13][14]
Infection with EBV occurs by the oral transfer of saliva[15] and genital secretions.
Most people become infected with EBV and gain adaptive immunity. In the United States, about half of all five-year-old children and about 90% of adults have evidence of previous infection.[16] Infants become susceptible to EBV as soon as maternal antibody protection disappears. Many children become infected with EBV, and these infections usually cause no symptoms or are indistinguishable from the other mild, brief illnesses of childhood. In the United States and other developed countries, many people are not infected with EBV in their childhood years.[17] When infection with EBV occurs during adolescence, it causes infectious mononucleosis 35 to 50% of the time.[18]
EBV infects B cells of the immune system and epithelial cells. Once EBV's initial lytic infection is brought under control, EBV latency persists in the individual's B cells for the rest of their life.[15][19]
Explanation:
Answer:
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is a member of the herpes virus family.
- It is one of the most common human viruses. EBV is found all over the world.
- Most people get infected with EBV at some point in their lives. EBV spreads most commonly through bodily fluids, primarily saliva.
- When symptoms of EBV occur, they usually go away in two to four weeks.
- However, some people may feel fatigued for several weeks or even months.ascorbic acid was highly effective at killing EBV-positive BL cells and LCLs in vitro, it antagonized cell killing by bortezomib and was ineffective in an animal model.
- The symptoms of Epstein-Barr virus infection include: swollen glands, sore throat,fatigue.
- EBV can be divided into two major types, EBV type 1 and EBV type 2.
- These two subtypes have different EBNA-3 genes. As a result, the two subtypes differ in their transforming capabilities and reactivation ability. Type 1 is dominant throughout most of the world, but the two types are equally prevalent in Africa.
- One can distinguish EBV type 1 from EBV type 2 by cutting the viral genome with a restriction enzyme and comparing the resulting digestion patterns by gel electrophoresis.