Discuss about the development of modern painting art?
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What is Modern Art? (Definition)
There is no precise definition of the term "Modern Art": it remains an elastic term, which can accomodate a variety of meanings. This is not too surprising, since we are constantly moving forward in time, and what is considered "modern painting" or "modern sculpture" today, may not be seen as modern in fifty years time. Even so, it is traditional to say that "Modern Art" means works produced during the approximate period 1870-1970. This "Modern era" followed a long period of domination by Renaissance-inspired academic art, promoted by the network of European Academies of Fine Art. And is itself followed by "Contemporary Art" (1970 onwards), the more avant-garde of which is also called "Postmodern Art". This chronology accords with the view of many art critics and institutions, but not all. Both the Tate Modern in London, and the Musee National d'Art Moderne at the Pompidou Centre in Paris, for instance, take 1900 as the starting point for "Modern Art". Also, neither they, nor the Museum of Modern Art in New York, make any distinction between "modernist" and "postmodernist" works: instead, they see both as phases of "Modern Art".
Incidentally, when trying to understand the history of art it's important to recognize that art does not change overnight, but rather reflects wider (and slower) changes taking place in society. It also reflects the outlook of the artist. Thus, for example, a work of art produced as early as 1958 might be decidedly "postmodernist" (if the artist has a very avant-garde outlook - a good example is Yves Klein's Nouveau Realisme); while another work, created by a conservative artist in 1980, might be seen as a throw-back to the time of "Modern Art" rather than an example of "Contemporary Art". In fact, it's probably true to say that several different strands of art - meaning several sets of aesthetics, some hypermodern, some old-fashioned - may co-exist at any one time. Also, it's worth remembering that many of these terms (like "Modern Art") are only invented after the event, from the vantage point of hindsight.
NOTE: The 1960s is generally seen as the decade when artistic values gradually changed, from "modernist" to "postmodernist". This means that for a period of time both sets of values co-existed with each other.
For important dates, see: History of Art Timeline ( 2.5 million BCE on)
What were the Origins of Modern Art?
To understand how "modern art" began, a little historical background is useful. The 19th century was a time of significant and rapidly increasing change. As a result of the Industrial Revolution (c.1760-1860) enormous changes in manufacturing, transport, and technology began to affect how people lived, worked, and travelled, throughout Europe and America. Towns and cities swelled and prospered as people left the land to populate urban factories. These industry-inspired social changes led to greater prosperity but also cramped and crowded living conditions for most workers. In turn, this led to: more demand for urban architecture; more demand for applied art and design - see, for instance the Bauhaus School - and the emergence of a new class of wealthy entrepreneurs who became art collectors and patrons. Many of the world's best art museums were founded by these 19th century tycoons.
In addition, two other developments had a direct effect on fine art of the period. First, in 1841, the American painter John Rand (1801–1873) invented the collapsible tin paint tube. Second, major advances were made in photography, allowing artists to photograph scenes which could then be painted in the studio at a later date. Both these developments would greatly benefit a new style of painting known, disparagingly, as "Impressionism", which would have a radical effect on how artists painted the world around them, and would in the process become the first major school of modernist are
What is the Main Characteristic of Modern Art?
What we call "Modern Art" lasted for an entire century and involved dozens of different art movements, embracing almost everything from pure abstraction to hyperrealism; from anti-art schools like Dada and Fluxus to classical painting and sculpture; from Art Nouveau to Bauhaus and Pop Art. So great was the diversity that it is difficult to think of any unifying characteristic which defines the era. But if there is anything that separates modern artists from both the earlier traditionalists and later postmodernists, it is their belief that art mattered. To them, art had real value. By contrast, their precedessors simply assumed it had value. After all they had lived in an era governed by Christian value systems and had simply "followed the rules." And those who came after the Modern period (1970 onwards), the so-called "postmodernists", largely rejected the idea that art (or life) has any intrinsic value.
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