discuss briefly the two types of taxes in delhi sultanate which tax on houses and tax on cultivation
Answers
Three types of taxes were collected: tax on cultivation, called 'kharaj', about 50% of the peasants' produce; tax on cattle; and tax on houses. Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate increased during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and in the early years of Muhammad Tughluq's rule.
Answer: Three types of taxes were collected: tax on cultivation, called 'kharaj', about 50% of the peasants' produce; tax on cattle; and tax on houses.
Unity in the vast kingdom of the sultanate depended on reliable administrators and governors. But rather than chieftains, the sultans preferred slaves called bandagan (slaves purchased for military service and carefully trained to handle important political offices).
The use of slaves by the Delhi Sultans was criticised by the elite in the kingdom.
The Khaljis and the Tughlaqs appointed local commanders called 'iqtadar' or' muqti', and the lands given to them to manage were called 'iqtas'.
The 'iqtadars' led military campaigns, maintained law and order, collected taxes, and paid their soldiers. And their positions were not inheritable.
To keep a check on them, they were assigned 'iqtas' only for periods of time, and accountants were appointed to check the revenues they collected.
Under Alauddin Khalji, the government started collecting land revenue directly. So the rights of the local chieftains to collect taxes were cancelled, and they too were forced to pay taxes.
Three types of taxes were collected: tax on cultivation, called 'kharaj', about 50% of the peasants' produce; tax on cattle; and tax on houses.
Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate increased during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and in the early years of Muhammad Tughluq’s rule. This forced the sultans to prepare a large standing army in Delhi, and that was a huge administrative challenge.
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