discuss briefly the types of minerals?
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Minerals are grouped by their chemical composition. Silicates, oxides, sulfates, sulfides, carbonates, native elements, and halides are all major mineral groups.
1. Silicates
2. Oxides
3. Sulfates
4. Sulfides
5. Carbonates
6. Native Elements
7. Halides
Minerals, being natural chemicals, are classified according to their chemistry and crystal form.
A basic classification for minerals is:
Native elements. eg. Gold, Silver, Mercury, graphite, diamond.
Oxides. eg corundum (incl. sapphire), hematite, spinel.
Hydroxides. eg. Goethite, brucite.
Sulfides. eg. Pyrite, galena, sphalerite.
Sulfates. eg. Baryte, gypsum.
Carbonates. eg. Calcite, magnesite, dolomite.
Phosphates. eg. Apatite, monazite.
Halides. eg. Fluorite, halite (rock salt).
Silicates (most common)
Orthosilicates. eg. Garnet, olivine.
Ring silicates. eg. Tourmaline, beryl.
Chain silicates. eg. Pyroxenes, amphiboles.
Sheet silicates. eg. Muscovite mica, biotite mica, clay minerals
Framework silicates. eg. Quartz, feldspars, zeolites
Identification
Identifying common minerals can usually be accomplished by examining a hand specimen. Minerals have distinct physical properties such as specific gravity, streak, and form which can easily distinguish the major rock-forming minerals.
More detailed examination of minerals can be undertaken by examining a microscope thin section of a rock or mineral. The optical properties of each mineral are unique, and minerals can be readily identified in thin section. More accurate analysis of minerals can be undertaken with a variety of analytical machines. These include X-ray diffraction, microprobe analysis, mass spectrometry and more. The science of minerals is called Mineralogy.
1. Silicates
2. Oxides
3. Sulfates
4. Sulfides
5. Carbonates
6. Native Elements
7. Halides
Minerals, being natural chemicals, are classified according to their chemistry and crystal form.
A basic classification for minerals is:
Native elements. eg. Gold, Silver, Mercury, graphite, diamond.
Oxides. eg corundum (incl. sapphire), hematite, spinel.
Hydroxides. eg. Goethite, brucite.
Sulfides. eg. Pyrite, galena, sphalerite.
Sulfates. eg. Baryte, gypsum.
Carbonates. eg. Calcite, magnesite, dolomite.
Phosphates. eg. Apatite, monazite.
Halides. eg. Fluorite, halite (rock salt).
Silicates (most common)
Orthosilicates. eg. Garnet, olivine.
Ring silicates. eg. Tourmaline, beryl.
Chain silicates. eg. Pyroxenes, amphiboles.
Sheet silicates. eg. Muscovite mica, biotite mica, clay minerals
Framework silicates. eg. Quartz, feldspars, zeolites
Identification
Identifying common minerals can usually be accomplished by examining a hand specimen. Minerals have distinct physical properties such as specific gravity, streak, and form which can easily distinguish the major rock-forming minerals.
More detailed examination of minerals can be undertaken by examining a microscope thin section of a rock or mineral. The optical properties of each mineral are unique, and minerals can be readily identified in thin section. More accurate analysis of minerals can be undertaken with a variety of analytical machines. These include X-ray diffraction, microprobe analysis, mass spectrometry and more. The science of minerals is called Mineralogy.
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Answer:
➡️A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties. Common minerals include quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, olivine, and calcite.
➡️Minerals are classified into two types: Metallic and non-metallic. Metallic Minerals: They are further sub-divided into ferrous and non-ferrous. ... Non-ferrous minerals: They contain metals other than iron. Examples include gold, silver, copper, lead, bauxite, tin and magnesium.
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