Discuss evolution and growth of political theory
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Answer:
The most fundamental aspect of political theory is how to control behavior of the individual to fit the norms of society. In other words it is about law and order. Then there is the matter of how best to insure productivity. How to motivate and educate the individual to the point that he is an asset and contributor to society. Then there is the matter of how best to protect the homeland and how to build goodwill abroad.
A kingdom is generally speaking thought to be the most stable form of government. There is no competition between opposing parties. The king has the last word and that is accepted by all. Some have said the a compassionate kingdom is the best form of government because it integrated decisiveness with an understanding and compassion for the will of the people. The problem is as the saying goes, power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
No matter how compassionate the king, there will be those who disagree and are offended by the king’s decisions. So, why not allow the people to decide who they want to lead them. That way the people have no reason for resenting the rulings of the law. And, finally why not let the poles or a vote of the people decide the law with a direct vote. The problem with that is that the people are not sophisticated enough to make laws that are binding and sufficient to maintain liberty and justice for all. There will be loopholes and contradictions. And the problem with democracy generally speaking is that nothing prevents the people from becoming tired and resentful of government. Nothing is there to insist that the people maintain their government in good working order. When too many interests goes in so many directions there is chaos. This is democracy in its two forms.
Karl Marx then created communism to counter the bad effects of Capitalism. It was not Democracy that karl Marx opposed, it was Capitalism. In a democracy with capitalism the moneyed interests end up controlling everything. According to Marx, in a capitalist economy under democratic rule, the people lose control and end up as slaves to the capitalist. karl Marx saw this and created the concept of communism. In a communist society, the working class owns everything, and everyone works toward the same communal goal. The big disadvantage is that there is no incentive to excel at what you do because everybody (at least in your pay grade) gets paid the same. Competition is not a big deal with Communism so there is no incentive to excel at what you do.
Next is the concept of socialism. Communism and socialism are economic and political structures that promote equality and seek to eliminate social classes. The two are interchangeable in some ways, but different in others. Socialism is an economic system while communism is both an economic and political system. Both have the goal of promoting equality far all.
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