Question

discuss in brief the cases of the revolt of 1857 to 58​

Answer 1

• The issue of greased cartridges and military grievances has been over-emphasized, as the factor for the Revolt of 1857.
• However, the recent research has proved that the cartridge was neither the only cause nor even the most important.
• In fact, the multiple causes i.e., social-religious-political- economic worked together to produce the rebellion.

1. Social and Religious Causes:

• The British had abandoned its policy of non-interference in the socio-religious life of the Indians.
• Abolition of Sati (1829), Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856).
• Christian missionaries were allowed to enter India and carry on with their mission of proselytizing.
• The Religious Disabilities Act of 1850 modified the traditional Hindu law.
• According to it, the change in religion would not debar a son from inheriting the property of his heathen father.

2. Economic Causes:

• British rule led to breakdown of the village self-sufficiency, commercialisation of agriculture which burdened the peasantry, adoption of free trade imperialism from 1800, de-industrialization and drain of wealth all of which led to overall decline of economy.

3. Military Grievances:

• The extension of British dominion in India had adversely affected the service condition of the Sepoys.
• They were required to serve in area away from their homes without the payment of extra bhatta.
• An important cause of Military discontent was the General Service Enlistment Act, 1856, which made it compulsory for the sepoys to cross the seas, whenever required.
• The Post Office Act of 1854 withdrew the free postage facility for them.

4. Political Causes:

• The last major extension of the British Indian territory took place during the time of Dalhousie.
• Dalhousie announced in 1849, that the successor of Bahadur Shah II would have to leave the Red Fort.
• The annexation of Baghat and Udaipur were however, cancelled and they were restored to their ruling houses.
• When Dalhousie wanted to apply the Doctrine of Lapse to Karauli (Rajputana), he was overruled by the court of Directors.

Answer 2

Explanation:

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