Question

discuss India government policies to increase food grains or crop production through integrated nutrient management​

Answer 1

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Adequate plant nutrient supply holds the key to improving the food grain production and sustaining livelihood. Nutrient management practices have been developed, but in most of the cases farmers are not applying fertilizers at recommended rates. They feel fertilizers are very costly and not affordable and due there is a risk particularly under dry land conditions. Therefore, INM plays an important role which involves integrated use of organic manures, crop residues, green manures, biofertilizers etc. with inorganic fertilizers to supplement part of plant nutrients required by various cropping systems and thereby fulfilling the nutrient gap.

The basic concept underlying the principle of integrated nutrient management is to maintain or adjust plant nutrient supply to achieve a given level of crop production by optimizing the benefits from all possible sources of plant nutrients. The basic objectives of IPNS are to reduce the inorganic fertilizer requirement, to restore organic matter in soil, to enhance nutrient use efficiency and to maintain soil quality in terms of physical, chemical and biological properties. Bulky organic manures may not be able to supply adequate amount of nutrients, nevertheless their role becomes important in meeting the above objectives. Long-term studies being carried out under all Indian Coordinated Research Project have indicated that it is possible to substitute a part of fertilizer N needs of kharif crop by FYM without any adverse effect on the total productivity of the system in major cropping systems such as rice-rice, rice-wheat, maize-wheat, sorghum-wheat, pearl millet-wheat, maize-wheat and rice-maize. Sustainable yield index (SYI) of maize-wheat cropping system after 27 years at Ranchi was the highest with integrated use of 100 percent NPK and FYM (Table 9). Organic manures alone cannot supply sufficient P for optimum crop growth because of limited availability and low P concentration. The organic manures are known to decrease P adsorption/fixation and enhance P availability in P-fixing soils. Organic anions formed during the decomposition of organic inputs can compete with P for the same sorption sites and thereby increase P availability in soil and improve utilization by crops. Reddy et al. (1999) observed higher apparent P recovery by soybean-wheat system on Vertisol with a combination of fertilizer P and manure.