Question

Discuss sudden expansion and sudden contraction(ration of smaller diameter to pipe diameter)

Answer 1

Answer:

The pressure drop across a sudden expansion is primarily due to turbulence mixing in the expansion zone. Across a sudden contraction, it is primarily due to flow detachment at the contraction zone entrance. The figure shows the expansion and contraction zones of the sudden area change.

Answer 2

The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.