Question

Discuss the formation structure stability and reaction of carbocation

Answer 1

Chemical species bearing a positive charge on carbon and carrying six electrons in its valence shell are called carbocation.

These are formed by heterolytic cleavage of the covalent bonds in which the leaving group takes away with it the shared pair of electrons.

CLASSIFICATION

Carbocation are classified as primary (1°) , secondary (2°) and tertiary (3°) according as the positive charge is present on a primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atom.

The stability of carbocation follows the order : 3° > 2° > 1°> methyl

REASON

An alkyl group has +I effect .When an alkyl group is attached to a positively charged carbon atom of a carbocation , it tends to release electrons towards that carbon.In doing so, it reduces the positive charge on the carbon.In other words, the positive charge gets dispersed and the alkyl group becomes somewhat positively charged.This dispersal of the positive charge stabilizes the carbocation.

More the number of alkyl groups on the carbon atom carrying the +ve charge , greater would be the dispersal of the charge and hence more stable would be the carbocation.Thus the stability of the carbocation decreases in the order :

3° > 2° > 1°

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Answer 2

Answer:

A carbocation is a compound with three bonds and a positively charged carbon atom. Carbon cations are a general term for them. It was previously known as carbonium ion.

Explanation:

The carbocations can be created using one of the two basic procedures listed below:

• Cleavage of Bond of Carbon

When the link between carbon and the atoms bound to it is cleaved, the leaving group removes the shared electrons.

• Electrophilic Addition

An electrophile assaults an unsaturated point in electrophilic addition, causing the pi bond to break, resulting in the production of a carbocation.

The following processes can help a carbocation maintain its stability:

• Addition of a Nucleophile

The inclusion of a nucleophile stabilizes the positive charge, resulting in the development of a new covalent bond.

• Formation of a Pi Bond

To eliminate its positive charge and complete its octet, the carbocation can accept electrons from surrounding hydrogen. A new pi connection can thus be established.

• Rearrangement

A carbocation's bonding electrons can be moved between nearby atoms to create a more stable carbocation.

Thus, a carbocation is an organic chemical intermediate created when the carbon atom's valency is incomplete.