Question

Discuss the impact of the new economic policy on the rural economy. 250 words

Answer 1

India continues to be predominantly an agrarian and rural economy in terms of her population and work force even after more than five decades of independence. About 70 per cent of the Indian population still lives in rural areas and nearly sixty five per cent of the total work .force are even now engaged in agricultural and allied activities. The New Economic Policy (NEP-1991) introduced changes in the areas of trade policies, monetary and financial policies, fiscal and budgetary policies, and pricing and institutional reforms. Agricultural sector is the mainstay of the rural Indian economy around which socio-economic privileges and deprivations revolve and any change in its structure is likely to have a corresponding impact on the existing pattern of Social equity. The liberalization of India’s economy was adopted in 1991. Facing a severe economic crisis, India approached the IMF for a loan, and the IMF granted what is called a structural adjustment loan, which is a loan with certain conditions relate to a structural change in the economy. Spread of new technology has been accompanied by the spread of capitalist production. By pushing the commercial crops to the forefront, the chances of the entry of the new market force have emerged. The government started several development programmes for rural areas. But the gap between the rural and urban areas still exist and to a large, India represents a dichotomy in development. The rural poor comprise of small landholders, agricultural laboures, artisans etc. Most of the benefits of the Green revolution have been covered by the big landowners and the rich peasants. regional disparities in the development of agriculture have increased.

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Answer 2

Access to television grew from 10% of the urban population (1991) to 75% of the urban population (1999).Cable television and foreign movies became widely available for the first time and have acted as a catalyst in bulldozing the cultural boundaries.All these technologies have changed perceptions and dreams of ordinary people.-Unmarried boys and girls are sharing same apartment and staying away from their parents.-Indian youths leaving education in mid-way and joining MNC's-There has been an increase in the violence, particularly against women.Scientific and technological innovations have made life quite comfortable, fast and enjoyable.-More availability of cheap and filthy material (CD's or DVD's of Hollywood movies, porn movies, sex toys, foreign channels like MTV) in the name of liberalization.-In India, land-line or basic phone was a prestige symbol few years back but now you find people riding bicycle with a mobile in hand, talking or listening music or even clicking cameras of their phones targeting pretty girls or ladies.-Society has become more open compared to its earlier conservative look due to exposure to other cultures through DTH or cable network.-This has contributed to dating, celebration of friendship days/valentine day, and resulted to rising number of call girls and make them more prone to sexually transmitted diseases .-People are less worried for government jobs as MNC's and private or public sector are offering more lucrative jobs.-Extension of internet facilities even to rural areas.-In place of old cinema halls, multiplex theatres are coming up.-Old restaurants are now replaced by Mc. Donald. Fast food and Chinese dishes have replaced juice corners and Parathas.
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