Question

discuss the mahalwari settlement

Answer 1

The Mahalwari system (Hindi: महलवारी) was a revenue collection system that was finally introduced in 1833 in British India by a person named KGK Choudary. It was one of the three major land tenure systems implemented by the British in India. The other two systems were the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793 and the Ryotwari system in 1820.it covered the States of Punjab,Awadh and Agra, parts of Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. During the 1800s, the British tried to establish their control over the administrative machinery of India. The System of Land Revenue acted as a chief source of income of the British. Land was one of the most important source of income for the British. Thus, they used land to control the entire Revenue system, strengthening their economic condition in India.

The word Mahalwari (महलवारी) is derived from the Hindi word Mahal (महल), which means house, district, neighbourhood or quarter.[1]This system consisted of landlords or Zamindars claiming to represent entire villages or even groups of villages. Along with the village communities, the landlords were jointly responsible for the payment of the revenues. But, individual responsibility was always there. The land included under this system consisted of all land of the villages, even the forestland, pastures etc.

This system was prevalent in the parts of Uttar Pradesh, the North Western province, parts of Central India and Punjab.

Answer 2

mahalwari system, one of the three main revenue systems of land tenure in British India, the other two being the zamindar (landlord) and the ryotwari(individual cultivator). The word mahalwari is derived from the Hindi mahal, meaning a house or, by extension, a district.

For revenue purposes the name was applied to any compact area containing one or more villages, which were called “estates.” The revenue settlement was made with the estate—hence the term mahalwari—and there were distinct types of assessment. If a zamindar held the whole estate, the settlement was with him; otherwise, payment was exacted from individual cultivators.