Discuss the measures adopted by Sher Shah to strengthen his conquests ?
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Explanation:
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Answer:
1. Service in Babur’s army:
Sher Shah had worked for sometime in the army of Babur. This enabled him to familiarize with the strength and weaknesses of the Mughal army.
2. Military organization:
Sher Shah took the following measures to strengthen his army.
(a) Strength:
Sher Shah maintained a strong standing army at the centre like Ala-ud-Din Khalji. His army included 1, 50,000 cavalry, 25,000 infantry, 3000 war elephants and a part of artillery.
(b) Recruitment:
He did not depend on the Jagirdars for the supply of soldiers whenever needed by the Sultan. He maintained a direct link and made them direct loyal to him and not through jagirdars.
(d) Payment in cash:
The soldiers were paid in cash whereas most of the officers were given the jagirs.
(e) Mostly Afghans in the army:
He recruited mostly Afghan soldiers from every part of the country and also from Afghanistan and gave them important posts in the army.
(f) Supplementary armies:
Besides the standing army under the direct command of the Sultan, provincial governors, nobles and subordinate rulers were also allowed to maintain their separate armies.
(g) Discipline in the army:
In the words of Qanungo, “The severe discipline in Sher Shah’s camp in one campaign was sufficient to turn a raw recruit into a seasoned veteran”.
3. Military strategies:
Sher Shah was a pastmaster in adopting successful war tactics. He believed in the maxim “Everything is fair in love and war”.
Following are some of the main instances of Sher Shah’s military strategy:
(i) Sher Shah’s diplomatic surrender to Humayun at Chunar fort.
(ii) Sher Shah’s false pretence of withdrawing but sudden attack at Humayun in the battle of Kannauj.
(iii) Sowing dissentions in Maldev’s army by forged letters.