Discuss the mode of action and advantages/disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives.
Answers
Answer:
Mode of action: Hormonal contraceptives contain progestin alone or progesterone and estrogen.
(i) Both are anovulatory. Estrogen inhibits ovulation by inhibiting LH production. Progestin prevents ovulation by inhibiting LH production.
(ii) The hormones alter uterine endometrium to make it unsuitable for implantation.
(iii) Consistency of cervical mucus is changed to prevent passage of sperms.
(iv) Motility and secretory activity of fallopian tubes are inhibited.
ADVANTAGES:
(a) Hormonal contraceptives are surer devices to prevent conception.
(b) They are completely reversible. i.e.
Pregnancy can be attempted by discontinuing the use of contraceptives.
DISADVANTAGES:
(a) They disturb the menstrual cycle so that level of menstrual flow can be either too low or high.
(b) The disturbed menstrual cycles make menstruation irregular.
(c)There is reduced secretion of pituitary hormones.
(d)Hormonal balance is disturbed that may lead to headache, blood pressure and fatigue.
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The potential disadvantages include side effects such as headaches, nausea, sore breasts and vaginal yeast infections (thrush). The hormones can also cause spotting between periods or lead to mood swings, and may reduce women's sexual desire. And there is a small risk of blood clots forming (thrombosis).......