Question

Discuss the spatial pattern of urban development in contemporary India?

Answer 1

Globalization in early ninety's has led to the opening of Indian market to global players, which has contributed to rapid urbanisation in many parts of India. Urbanization is an irreversible dynamic phenomenon leading to large scale land cover changes with impacts on the regional environment. Urbanisation is a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration. Unplanned urbanisation leads to dispersed haphazard growth at outskirts which is referred as sprawl. These rapidly urbanising regions attains inordinately large population size with the gradual collapse of urban services evident from the basic problems in housing, slum, lack of treated water supply, inadequate infrastructure, higher pollution levels, poor quality of life, etc. In this regard, quantification of urban growth would help in evolving strategies for sustainable management of natural resources. Greater Bengaluru, being a metropolitan city is experiencing unprecedented urban growth of 4.6% in recent times. This study aims to understand spatial patterns of urbanisation in Greater Bengaluru, Silicon Valley of India. Availability of temporal remote sensing data acquired through space borne sensors aid in estimating the patterns of urban growth. Land use analysis is performed using temporal Landsat data based on Gaussian maximum likelihood (GML) algorithm (supervised classifier) using field data through GRASS-Geographic Resource Analysis Support System an open source software. Accuracy assessment indicate an accuracy of 90%. Computation of spatial metrics in density gradients (concentric circles of incrementing radii of 1 km) was done to identify pockets of intensified urban count at local level. The results indicate urbanization has intensified in the core with the formation of a single class. Outskirts towards North east and south east show sprawl with number of urban patches and irregular shapes. This highlights the need for policy interventions to provide infrastructure and basic amenities in the regions experiencing sprawl.

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Answer 2

The spatial pattern of urban development:

• Urbanization is a structural transition that contributes to large-scale infrastructure and buildings being built. The migration of people from rural areas to urban areas has mostly led to urbanization, but due to high density in places, it has negative impacts on the regions.
• Unplanned urbanization results in scattered suburbs haphazard development, known as sprawl. With the steady decline of municipal facilities apparent from the basic problems of accommodation, slum, shortage of treated water supply, insufficient sanitation, higher pollution levels, poor quality of life, etc., these rapidly urbanizing areas attain exceedingly large population size.
• Outskirts with various industrial areas and odd forms to the northeast and southeast reveal sprawl. This underscores the need for policy interventions to provide infrastructure and basic amenities in the sprawling regions.

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