Question

Discuss types of anaemia with their symptoms.
Answer:
Iron deficiency in the body results in anaemia. Nutritional anaemia is a disease syndrome caused by malnutrition. It is of two types:

Answer 1

Anemia is a common condition that results from a lack of certain vitamins and minerals. Not consuming a balanced diet can lead to a deficiency, or malnutrition.

Anemia affects over 30 percent of the world's population. It is most severe among pregnant women and in children.

A range of health problems can arise from nutritional deficiencies. Nutritional deficiency anemia can lead to a low red blood cell count, low hemoglobin in the red blood cells, or red blood cells that do not function as they should.

Nutritional deficiency anemia mainly results from a lack of iron, but a lack of folate or vitamin B12 can also cause anemia, and a low vitamin C intake can contribute.

Nutritional deficiency anemia can happen because of a lack of nutrients in the diet or because of an illness or medical condition that make it hard to absorb nutrients.

Fast facts on nutritional deficiency anemia:

Here are some key points about nutritional deficiency anemia. More detail is in the main article.

Iron-deficiency anemia can happen when a person does not have enough iron in the diet, or if they have a condition that makes it hard to absorb nutrients.It can lead to a low level of red blood cells.Vitamin-deficiency anemia happens when a person does not consume or absorb enough vitamin B12, or B9, also known as folate.It can cause red blood cells to be an unusual shape, so that they cannot function properly.Nutritional deficiency anemia can affect a wide range of bodily functions.The main way to treat or prevent it is through a healthful diet.Iron-deficiency anemiaA lack of iron or some B vitamins can lead to anemia.

Anemia resulting from iron deficiency is considered one of the top 10 contributors to the global burden of disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) describe iron-deficiency anemia as "the most common and widespread nutritional deficiency in the world."

In 2011, the WHO estimated that, globally, anemia affects 43 percent children up to the age of 5 years, 38 percent of women during pregnancy, and 29 percent of women who are not pregnant.

In iron-deficiency anemia, the red cells appear abnormal and are unusually small (microcytic) and pale (hypochromic). The pallor of the red cells reflects their low hemoglobin content.

A person with iron-deficiency anemia often has:

pale skinfatigue and lack of energyshortness of breathheart palpitations, or irregular heart beat

Other symptoms include:

headachetinnituschanges to the sense of tastefeeling itchya desire to eat ice, known as picasores or ulcers at the corner of the mouthsore tonguehair lossspoon-shaped fingernails and toenailsdifficulty swallowingdepressionmissed menstruation in women during their reproductive years

Iron-deficiency anemia is common in people who:

consume little iron in their diethave a condition that prevents the body from absorbing nutrientshave a stomach ulcer, heavy menstruation, or another cause of bleedinghave a genetic disorder, such as sickle cell anemia or another health condition, such as malariaIron deficiency and diet

Iron-deficiency anemia can result from a lack of iron in the diet. During pregnancy, for example, women need more iron to supply the fetus. If they do not take in enough, this may lead to a dietary deficiency anemia.

Heme iron is the most bioavailable form of iron and is found only in meat. Non-heme iron is found in plant based foods and is not as easily absorbed. Vegetarians and vegans need to be mindful of their iron intake to ensure they are meeting their needs.

A lack of vitamin C in the diet can reduce the body's ability to absorb iron, leading to anemia.

Iron-deficiency anemia can affect a person's overall health and their ability to function at work and in their daily routine.

Vitamin-deficiency anemia

Vitamin-deficiency anemias can result from deficiencies in folate (vitamin B9) or vitamin B12.

When the intake of these nutrients is low, or if the body is not absorbing them properly, red blood cells may become too large or adequate amounts of red blood cells are not produced.

This is called megaloblastic anemia.

Answer 2

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