Question

discuss various methods of reduction of esters giving the products formed

Answer 1

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A new method for reduction of esters to aldehydes through silyl acetal intermediates involves a single‐step hydrosilylation catalyzed by a readily available iridium complex, [{Ir(coe)2Cl}2] (see scheme; coe=cyclooctene). 

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Answer 2

1. Generally, Esters are reduced to alcohols by reacting it with lithium aluminum hydride.

Example:  Propyl ethanoate is reduced to propanol and ethanol.

2. Esters are reduced into aldehydes with help of di-isobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBAL).

3. Thioesters are reduced into aldehydes with a palladium catalyst and silyl hydride.

4. Esters are reduced to ethers with the help of Et3SiH. Here, the catalyst is InBr3.