disorder of adrenal cortex
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The adrenal gland is actually two endocrine organs, one wrapped around the other. The outer adrenal cortex secretes many different steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids such as cortisol, mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone, and androgens, chiefly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The glucocorticoids help to regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. The mineralocorticoids help to regulate Na+and K+ balance and extracellular fluid volume. The glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are essential for survival, but the adrenal androgens have only a minor role in reproductive function.
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The adrenal gland is actually two endocrine organs, one wrapped around the other. The outer adrenal cortex secretes many different steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids such as cortisol, mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone, and androgens, chiefly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
The glucocorticoids help to regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
The mineralocorticoids help to regulate Na+ and K+ balance and extracellular fluid volume.
The glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are essential for survival.
The inner adrenal medulla, secretes catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine).
Mainly because of their potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects, glucocorticoids are used commonly in pharmacologic doses to treat diseases such as autoimmune disorders. Interestingly, while the deleterious effects of glucocorticoids in states of hypercortisolism and the beneficial effects of their use in pharmacotherapy are rather well understood, the actual role of endogenous glucocorticoids in metabolic homeostasis during times of minimal stress remains somewhat enigmatic.
#Coming to the point...
The major disorders of the adrenal cortex are characterized by excessive or deficient secretion of each type of adrenocortical hormone:
hypercortisolism (Cushing’s syndrome),
adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease),
hyperaldosteronism,hypoaldosteronism,
androgen excess (adrenogenital syndrome
The glucocorticoids help to regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
The mineralocorticoids help to regulate Na+ and K+ balance and extracellular fluid volume.
The glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are essential for survival.
The inner adrenal medulla, secretes catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine).
Mainly because of their potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects, glucocorticoids are used commonly in pharmacologic doses to treat diseases such as autoimmune disorders. Interestingly, while the deleterious effects of glucocorticoids in states of hypercortisolism and the beneficial effects of their use in pharmacotherapy are rather well understood, the actual role of endogenous glucocorticoids in metabolic homeostasis during times of minimal stress remains somewhat enigmatic.
#Coming to the point...
The major disorders of the adrenal cortex are characterized by excessive or deficient secretion of each type of adrenocortical hormone:
hypercortisolism (Cushing’s syndrome),
adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease),
hyperaldosteronism,hypoaldosteronism,
androgen excess (adrenogenital syndrome
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