Distinguish between “Chauth” and “Sardeshmukhi”.
Answers
Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were two types of taxes collected in South India, particularly Maratha Empire during medieval times. These two taxes became important sources of revenue for Maratha administration. However, Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were neither introduced by Marathas nor were original sources of revenue for them.
Chauth and Sardeshmukhi under Shivaji
He had raided from Surat to Madras and had divided the entire area into two parts. The area within his own “Swarajya” or “Mulk-i-Qadim” was the area that belonged to the Marathas. The outside area whenever plundered was to be levied the two taxes. Shivaji had demanded these taxes from hostile Muslim rulers of Deccan for the first time in 1665 and by 1667; he was strong enough to get his demands fulfilled. The states of Bijapur and Golconda had agreed to pay Rs. 3 Lakh and Rs. 5 Lakh respectively per annum to avoid Maratha incursions.
Chauth was comprised of 1/4 of the revenue assessment paid as a fee for non-molestation. Sardeshmukhi was an additional levy of 10% of revenue which Shivaji claimed on being the Sardeshmukh (overlord). Shivaji was highly successful in mobilizing the resources using these two taxes. The revenue was assessed as per the Mughal revenue or the Deccan kingdoms revenue.
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Answer:
chauth
one fourth of the total land revenue was collected as atax, in return for not plundering their area.
Explanation:
sardeshmukhi
one tenth of the total land revenue was paid as tributary tax to the sardeshmukhi or maratha cheif.
Extra information
Chauth (one-fourth) was an annual tax nominally levied at 25% on revenue or produce and based on the might. Sardeshmukhi is tax related to and on Chauth that is Kingdom has to pay an additional 10% tax on Chauth which was collected only to maintain the hereditary right of King on the Tax collection processes.