Question

distinguish between esterification and saponification reaction with the help of the chemical equations for each state one use of (1) esters, and (2) sponification process

Answer 1

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Esterfication reaction: when an organic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of acid catalyst, it produces a sweet smelling substance called ester. this reaction is called esterfication reaction, e.g.,

CH3COOH + C2H50H ---------> CH3COOC2H5 +H2O

Saponification: ester reacts in the presence of an acid or a base to give back the alcohol and the carboxylic acid. this reaction is known as saponification because it is used in the preparation of soap.

CH3COOC2H5 -----------> CH3COOH + C2H5OH

 Uses of esters

There are various uses of esters.

1. Esters that are have fragrant odours are used as a constituent of perfumes, essential oils, food flavourings, cosmetics, etc

2. Esters are used as an organic solvent

3. Natural esters are found in pheromones

4. Naturally occurring fats and oils are fatty acid esters of glycerol

5. Phospoesters form the backbone of DNA molecules

6. Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their explosive properties

7. Polyesters are used to make plastics

8. Esters are used to make surfactants E.g. soap, detergents

Saponification is a process that producessoap, usually from fats and lye.

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