distinguish between the following.crush and mantle .inner core and outer core . humidity and clouds relativehumidity and absolute humidity
Answers
Answer:
- Earth's Crust
There are two different types of crust: thin oceanic crust that underlies the ocean basins and thicker continental crust that underlies the continents. These two different types of crust are made up of different types of rock. The thin oceanic crust is composed of primarily of basalt and the thicker continental crust is composed primarily of granite. The low density of the thick continental crust allows it to "float" in high relief on the much higher density mantle below
- Mantle
Earth's mantle is thought to be composed mainly of olivine-rich rock. It has different temperatures at different depths. The temperature is lowest immediately beneath the crust and increases with depth. The highest temperatures occur where the mantle material is in contact with the heat-producing core.
- Inner core
The inner core is the innermost layer of the Earth, and is believed to be a solid ball composed of iron and nickel along with some light elements (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, silicon). It has an estimated radius of 1220 km (768 mi).
Seismologist Inge Lehmann was the first to discover the inner core as being solid and covered by a liquid outer core. Lehmann was able to arrive at this conclusion by studying seismic waves caused by earthquakes bouncing off the inner core’s boundary. It was suggested in 1940 that this inner core is solid iron
- Outer core
The outer core of the Earth is a liquid layer of iron and nickel 2,890 kilometers (1,400 miles) beneath the surface of the Earth. It stretches to about 2,300 kilometers (1,400 miles). It is estimated that the temperature of the outer core is from 4,000-8,000 K (6,740-13,940 degrees F or 3,730-7,730 degrees C) as it gets near the inner core, and 3,400-4,500 K (4,940-7,640 degrees F or 2,730-4,230 degrees C) in its outer regions.
The constant churning of liquid iron of the outer core creates magnetic fields and electricity. This continuous process is called the geodynamo, and it is responsible for the magnetic field surrounding our planet. Without the Earth’s magnetic field, our atmosphere would be easily blown away by solar winds.
- Humidity
Humidity refers to the quantity of wter vapour present in the atmosphere. Humidity determines whether the air is dry or damp.
- Cloud
Clouds refer to the collection of water vapour at a greater height in the sky.Clouds depends on the process of condensation for their formation
- Absolutely humidity
Absolute humidity is the actual amount of water vapor present in the air, regardless of the temperature. More precisely, the absolute humidity is the ratio of mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air. The absolute humidity is also referred to as the humidity ratio, and is expressed in grams of moisture per cubic meter of air (g/m3). It is derived from the specific humidity and the density of the air. The absolute humidity is independent of the temperature. It is largely determined by the nature of the surface under the air mass. For example, if the water vapor in 1 cubic meter of air weighs 35 grams, the absolute humidity of the air is 35 g/m3.
Absolute humidity = Mass of water vapor/Volume of air
- Relative humidity
Relative humidity is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of water vapor present in the air to the amount present at a given temperature. It is the ratio of vapor pressure to saturated vapor pressure and is expressed in percentage. In simple terms, relative humidity is the amount of water vapor that is present in the air, relative to the amount it could hold at that given temperature. It is a percentage of the amount of moisture the air could possibly hold. The value of relative humidity does not specify the moisture content of the air unless accompanied by the temperature of the air. If the moisture content in the air remains constant, the relative humidity decreases as the temperature increases and vice-versa.