Distinguish between the following pairs :
(a) Systole and Diastole
(b) Arteriole and Venule
(c) Universal donor and Universal recipient
(d) Arteries and Veins
Answers
Explanation:
a)Diastole and systole are two phases of the cardiac cycle. They occur as the heart beats, pumping blood through a system of blood vessels that carry blood to every part of the body. Systole occurs when the heart contracts to pump blood out, and diastole occurs when the heart relaxes after contraction.
b) Arteries transport blood away from the heart and branch into smaller vessels, forming arterioles. Arterioles distribute blood to capillary beds, the sites of exchange with the body tissues. Capillaries lead back to small vessels known as venules that flow into the larger veins and eventually back to the heart.
c)The universal donor is O negative. i.e. group O, RhD negative. The recipients blood will not have antibodies to this blood, the blood can be given to a patient with any blood group. The universal recipient is therefore AB positive, no matter which blood group is given, there should be no major reaction.
d)Arteries are blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation.
Explanation:
a)The force that blood exerts against the wall of a vessel is called blood pressure. The pressure measured in arteries during ventricular contraction is called systolic pressure and minimum pressure measured in artery during ventricular relaxation is called diastolic pressure. The normal BP is 120mmHg/80mmHg where 120 is systolic BP and 80 is diastolic BP.
b)Arteries are the blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the different parts of the body. When these arteries get away from the heart, they divide themselves into smaller and smaller vessels to form arterioles. These arterioles further branch out to form capillaries which nourish each and every cell of the body. Arterioles have a muscular wall and helps in regulation of blood pressure.
Veins are the blood vessels which carry deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body to the heart. Similar to the arteries, veins divides themselves into smaller and smaller blood vessels resulting in the formation of venules. Many venules together link the capillaries to the vein resulting in the transport of the blood back to the heart from different parts of the body.
c)Type O-negative blood does not have any antigens. It is called the "universal donor" type because it is compatible with any blood type. Type AB-positive blood is called the "universal recipient" type because a person who has it can receive blood of any type.
d)ARTERIES:
Arteries carry oxygenated blood, except pulmonary artery which carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs.
Arteries are bigger in size.
VEINS:
Veins carry deoxygenated blood, except pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart.
Veins are smaller in size.
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