Distraction of attention psychology experiment description
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Experiment # 2. Distraction of Attention:
When we are attending to some stimulus or work, any noise or other type of disturbance tends to affect the efficiency of our attention. This phenomenon of irrelevant stimuli interfering with our attentive process is called ‘distraction’. Not all stimuli can distract out attention, viz., the ticking of a table clock on our study table does not ordinarily disturb us. Sometimes even strong stimuli do not disturb us when we are prepared for it.
Problem:
To determine the effect of extraneous and irrelevant stimuli on the work efficiency.
Material Required:
A long list of arithmetic problems of uniform difficulty, a sound proof room fitted with number of buzzers, bells, bright lights, etc., to serve as visual and auditory distractions.
Procedure:
The experiment is done under four conditions:
1. Controlled condition.
2. Auditory distraction.
3. Visual distraction.
4. Combination of visual and auditory distraction.
The experiment can be conducted by adopting any one of the following experimental designs:
Experimental Design 1:
Different groups of subjects are assigned to the four conditions.
Experimental Design 2:
The performance of all the subjects under controlled conditions, without any kind of deliberate distraction, is assessed and on the basis of these scores, the subjects are grouped into three matched groups. Each one of these groups is assigned to each one of the three conditions of distraction
Experimental Design 3:
The performance of each subject is assessed under all the four conditions.
In the first experimental design, the subjects are selected and assigned to the four conditions by following the method of randomisation.
In the second experimental design, the subjects are categorised into three matched groups by following any one of the techniques of matching the groups, and each one of these groups is assigned to one experimental condition by following the method of randomisation.
In the third experimental design the subjects are categorised into four groups by following the method of randomisation and the performance of each one of these groups under all the four conditions is observed. However, the order of presentation of the four conditions should be counter-balanced.
1. Controlled Condition:
For five minutes allow them to solve the problems under normal conditions, and then ask them to highlight the last problem they have solved.
2. Auditory Distraction:
Suddenly, at the end of 5 minutes, switch on the buzzers and the bells so that the room is filled with loud noises. The subjects have to continue solving the problems. Ask the subjects to indicate the last problem they have solved.
3. Visual Distraction:
At the end of five minutes switch off the buzzers but switch on the bright lights, flashing glaring lights of different colours and ask the subjects to mark the last problem they have solved.
4. Combination of Visual and Auditory Distraction:
At the end of five minutes, switch on both the buzzers and the lights and ask the subjects to highlight the last problem solved.
Results:
Now collect the answer sheets and correct them. Tabulate the number of problems attempted and the number correctly solved for each of the five-minute periods. Take the introspective report of the subject.
Tabulate the results as follows:(Given in link)
Compare the results under the four conditions. See whether work efficiency has, been affected. Analyse the introspective reports to find out the subjects inner reactions to various distractions. Also find out whether they had to put in greater effort to carry out the work under different conditions of distraction.
Tabulate group results as follows:(Given in link)
1. Calculate the Mean & SD under all the conditions for problems attempted as well as problems correctly solved.
2. Do all subjects show the same type of change under distraction?
3. Which condition is most distracting for the group and which the least?
4. Do all the subjects show the same trend of performance under all the four conditions?
It may be interesting to study the effect of preparedness of the subject for distraction.
Procedure:
Instruct the subjects and give them prior information about the occurrence of the distraction. This can be done by giving the instructions for all the conditions at the beginning or specifically before the start of each session studying the effect of a specified condition.
Applications:
Such experiments are useful in pinpointing factors that distract workers in factories, offices, etc. where the efficiency of the workers can be improved by eliminating the distracting conditions. Industrial psychologists have carried out several experiments on this subject. It has been found that minimisation of noise in the work situation facilitates the employees to concentrate better on their tasks resulting in better output. Further, excess of noise has also been found to lead to stress.
Explanation:
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