Question

Diversity in living organisms notes

Answer 1

Answer:

Biodiversity or biological diversity means the variety of living organisms present in a particular region. There are about 20 lac organisms know on the Earth which differ from one another in the external form, internal structure, mode of nutrition, habitat, etc.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Diversity-

Diversity is the presence of different organisms in the same ecosystem or geographical location.

Diversity gives a chance for a more balanced ecosystem.

Evolution-

Evolution is the slow process by which the organisms change according to the needs to survive the environment around them.

Evolution leads to the formation of new organisms and more diversity in the ecosystem.

Charles Darwin-

Charles Darwin was an English biologist and a naturalist.

He travelled on HMS Beagle to Galapagos Island in South America.

Using his observation, he proposed the theory of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species.

Taxonomy-

Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with the classification of organisms.

Class-

A class is the level of classification which consists of a number of orders with similar characteristics

Genus-

Genus is the level of classification which consists of a number of species with similar characteristics.

Species-

Species is the level of classification which consists of a number of organisms with similar characteristics and can interbreed to give rise to a fertile offspring.

Kingdom classification-

5 Kingdom classification is the most accepted system of classification given by R.H.Whittaker.

This classification solved most of the issues in taxonomy related to the placement of bacteria and fungi.

The 5 kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

Monera-

All the prokaryotic organisms are placed in this Kingdom.

Bacteria and their ancient cousin, archaebacteria are the organisms that makeup Kingdom Monera.

These are prokaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic/heterotrophic organisms.

Bacteria have a cell wall made up of polysaccharides.

Archea-

The category in the kingdom Monera which consists of the organisms surviving in extremely hot conditions.

They are considered to be the most ancient living organism present on the planet.

Eubacteria-

Eubacteria is phylum of Monera consists of all the bacteria that survive in a normal environment.

All the major helpful and pathogenic bacteria we know today fall under this category.