do anyone have notes of working of institutions. please send the pic self-made or anything else
Answers
There are two categories of executive i.e. permanent executive and political executive.
* The political executive is more powerful than the permanent executive.
* The Prime Minister is the head, of the government and actually exercises all the government powers.
* The leader of the majority party or coalition is appointed the Prime Minister by the President.
* The Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure. He continues in power until he has majority.
* The Prime Minister has wide ranging powers. He advices the President to appoint the other ministers.
* The Council of Ministers is the official name for the body that includes cabinet ministers, ministers of state with independent charge and ministers of state.
* The President is the head of the state and exercises only nominal powers.
* The President is indirectly elected by an electoral college in accordance with the system of proportional representation.
* All the courts at different levels in a country put together is called integrated judiciary.
* The powers and the independence of the Judiciary allow it to act as the guardian of the Fundamental Rights.
* Through Public Interest Litigation (PIL) anyone can approach the courts if public interest is hurt by the actions of. Government.
* In a democracy, the rulers have to work with and within institution and in this process, they CCme across three institutions : Legislature, Executive and Judiciary that play a key role in major decisions.
* A major policy decision is taken through a government order. An order, issued by Government is called an Office Memorandum (OM).
* The major decision involves some major functionaries of our country. They include the President, The Prime Minister and Parliament.
* Parliament is a set of people who are regularly elected by the people, directly or indirectly.
* The importance of Parliament lies in the fact that it is the final authority for making new laws and changing existing laws in our country.
* The Parliament of India consist of two houses i.e. the upper house and the lower house.
* The upper house or Rajya Sabha is indirectly elected and performs special functions.
* The lower house or Lok Sabha is directly elected by people and exercises the real power on behalf of the people.
* The Constitution of India gives some special powers to Rajya Sabha but the Lok Sabha exercises supreme power on most matters.
* Executives take day-to-day decision but do not exercise Supreme power on behalf of the people.
THESE ARE MY NOTES K
